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Most of the material covered in this book deals with the fundamentals of chemistry and physics of key processes and fundamental mechanisms for various combustion and combustion related phenomena in gaseous combustible mixture. It provides the reader with basic knowledge of burning processes and mechanisms of reaction wave propagation. The combustion of a gas mixture (flame, explosion, detonation) is necessarily accompanied by motion of the gas. The process of combustion is therefore not only a chemical phenomenon but also one of gas dynamics. The material selection focuses on the gas phase and with premixed gas combustion. Premixed gas combustion is of practical importance in engines, modern gas turbine and explosions, where the fuel and air are essentially premixed, and combustion occurs by the propagation of a front separating unburned mixture from fully burned mixture. Since premixed combustion is the most fundamental and potential for practical applications, the emphasis in the present work is be placed on regimes of premixed combustion. This text is intended for graduate students of different specialties, including physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, computer science, mathematics and astrophysics.
vi The amalgamation of individual approaches and results from various schools into a comprehensive scientific theory, which can be generally appreciated throughout the international scientific com munity, is oftendifficult and time consuming. We believe that one of the best ways to give a complete and clear presentation of a theoryis to include a review of the developmental history of that theory. We are convinced that explaining a theory in a historical perspectiveis essential for a proper understanding ofits present state and for a sound choice of future developments. So we have endeavored to present a complete picture of investi gations performed in both Western and Soviet nations. We understand that Soviet investigations are less familiar to English-speaking readers due to the languagebarrier and the obvious sad circumstances of the interruption of scientific connections before and after World War II, because of this there is an emphasis on Soviet publications in the bibliography. Our attempt to present a comprehensive picture has made our book rather large becauseit has had to include some fundamentals of thermochemistry and kinetics as well as self-ignition and flame propagation invarious conditions. We have also included stability problems in some detail but we have had to leave out the problems of combustion of solid propellants and detonation. We hope that our bookwill be useful to the reader wishing to learn about both the present state of combustion theory and howit originated due to the efforts of many people from different countries. Ya.B.Z.
vi The amalgamation of individual approaches and results from various schools into a comprehensive scientific theory, which can be generally appreciated throughout the international scientific com munity, is oftendifficult and time consuming. We believe that one of the best ways to give a complete and clear presentation of a theoryis to include a review of the developmental history of that theory. We are convinced that explaining a theory in a historical perspectiveis essential for a proper understanding ofits present state and for a sound choice of future developments. So we have endeavored to present a complete picture of investi gations performed in both Western and Soviet nations. We understand that Soviet investigations are less familiar to English-speaking readers due to the languagebarrier and the obvious sad circumstances of the interruption of scientific connections before and after World War II, because of this there is an emphasis on Soviet publications in the bibliography. Our attempt to present a comprehensive picture has made our book rather large becauseit has had to include some fundamentals of thermochemistry and kinetics as well as self-ignition and flame propagation invarious conditions. We have also included stability problems in some detail but we have had to leave out the problems of combustion of solid propellants and detonation. We hope that our bookwill be useful to the reader wishing to learn about both the present state of combustion theory and howit originated due to the efforts of many people from different countries. Ya.B.Z.
Extensively using experimental and numerical illustrations, CombustionPhenomena: Selected Mechanisms of Flame Formation, Propagation, and Extinction provides a comprehensive survey of the fundamental processes of flame formation, propagation, and extinction. Taking you through the stages of combustion, leading experts visually display, mathematically explain, and clearly theorize on important physical topics of combustion. After a historical introduction to the field, they discuss combustion chemistry, flammability limits, and spark ignition. They also study counterflow twin-flame configuration, flame in a vortex core, the propagation characteristics of edge flames, instabilities, and tulip flames. In addition, the book describes flame extinction in narrow channels, global quenching of premixed flames by turbulence, counterflow premixed flame extinction limits, the interaction of flames with fluids in rotating vessels, and turbulent flames. The final chapter explores diffusion flames as well as combustion in spark- and compression-ignition engines. It also examines the transition from deflagration to detonation, along with the detonation wave structure. With downloadable resources of images that beautifully illustrate a range of combustion phenomena, this book facilitates a practical understanding of the processes occurring in the conception, spread, and extinguishment of a flame. It will help you on your way to finding solutions to real issues encountered in transportation, power generation, industrial processes, chemical engineering, and fire and explosion hazards.
Most of the material covered in this book deals with the fundamentals of chemistry and physics of key processes and fundamental mechanisms for various combustion and combustion related phenomena in gaseous combustible mixture. It provides the reader with basic knowledge of burning processes and mechanisms of reaction wave propagation. The combustion of a gas mixture (flame, explosion, detonation) is necessarily accompanied by motion of the gas. The process of combustion is therefore not only a chemical phenomenon but also one of gas dynamics. The material selection focuses on the gas phase and with premixed gas combustion. Premixed gas combustion is of practical importance in engines, modern gas turbine and explosions, where the fuel and air are essentially premixed, and combustion occurs by the propagation of a front separating unburned mixture from fully burned mixture. Since premixed combustion is the most fundamental and potential for practical applications, the emphasis in the present work is be placed on regimes of premixed combustion. This text is intended for graduate students of different specialties, including physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, computer science, mathematics and astrophysics.
The potential of hydrogen as an important future energy source has generated fresh interest in the study of hydrogenous gas mixtures. Indeed, both its high caloricity and reactivity are unique properties, the latter underscoring safety considerations when handling such mixtures. The present monograph is devoted to the various aspects of hydrogen combustion and explosion processes. In addition to theoretical and phenomenological considerations, this work also collates the results of many experiments from less well known sources. The text reviews the literature in this respect, thereby providing valuable information about the thermo-gas-dynamical parameters of combustion processes for selected experimental settings in a range of scientific and industrial applications.
Understanding the causes and effects of explosions is important to experts in a broad range of disciplines, including the military, industrial and environmental research, aeronautic engineering, and applied mathematics. Offering an introductory review of historic research, Shock Waves and Explosions brings analytic and computational methods
b="" The book provides a concise description of the physical processes and mathematical models for explosions and formation of blast waves from explosions. The contents focus on quantitatively determining the energy released in the different types of explosions and the destructive blast waves that are generated. The contribution of flames, detonations and other physical processes to the explosion phenomenon is dealt with in detail. Gaseous and condensed phase explosions are discussed and the yield of explosions with their TNT equivalence is determined. Time scales involved in the explosion process and the scaling procedure are ascertained. Explosions over the ground, in water, and the interaction of explosions with objects are examined. In order to keep the text easily readable, the detailed derivation of the mathematical equations is given in the seven appendices at the end of the book. Case studies of various explosions are investigated and simple problems and their solutions are provided for the different topics to assist the reader in internalizing the explosion process. The book is a useful reference for professionals and academics in aeronautics, mechanical, civil and chemical engineering and for personnel working in explosive manufacture and high-energy materials, armaments, space, defense, and industrial and fire safety.