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Excerpt from Mass Physical Training: For Use in the Army and the Reserve Officers Training Corps The text of this book has been prepared by Doctor Joseph E. Raycroft, who was chairman of the Athletic Division of the War Department Commission on Training Camp Activities, and as such, under the supervision of the Training and Instruction Branch of the War Plans Division of the General Staff, had charge of the physical upbuilding of the great force which the United States contributed to the World War and which constitutes a remarkable chapter in the history of the military operations of our Country. Under his direction, millions of men to whom physical training and athletics had been a sealed book, were introduced to the advantages of systematic physical development. Hundreds of thousands of them were taught for the first time how to combine health-giving exercise with play in the form of athletic games and sports. It furnished a striking demonstration of the value of such activities in the basic training of the soldiers. Months were spent in experimenting with and testing out systems and schemes of training and instructing in the subjects covered. In this work Dr. Raycroft was assisted by the best talent available - masters in every phase of physical culture and development. Experts in every field of athletics and sports joined with him in placing their years of experience at the disposal of our military forces. For the first time in military history losses from sickness and disease were less than those from bullets, an achievement, due in no small measure, to the magnificent physique with which our soldiers, in consequence of their physical training, entered the struggle. Out of all of these activities much valuable experience has been gained and a great mass of material has been accumulated. Dr. Raycroft has undertaken to preserve his experience and that of his assistants in a permanent form. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Physical training in the US Army has a surprisingly short history. Bodies for Battle by Garrett Gatzemeyer is the first in-depth analysis of the US Army’s particular set of practices and values, known as its physical culture, that emerged in the late nineteenth century in response to tactical challenges and widespread anxieties over diminishing masculinity. The US Army’s physical culture assumed a unity of mind and body; learning a physical act was not just physical but also mental and social. Physical training and exercise could therefore develop the whole individual, even societies. Bodies for Battle is a study of how the US Army developed modern, scientific training methods in response to concerns about entering a competitive imperial world where embodied nations battled for survival in a Social Darwinist framework. This book connects social and cultural worries about American masculinity and manliness with military developments (strategic, tactical, technological) in the early twentieth century, and it links trends in the United States and the US Army with larger trans-Atlantic trends. Bodies for Battle presents new perspectives on US civil-military relations, army officers’ unease with citizen armies, and the implications of compulsory military service. Gatzemeyer offers a deeply informed historical understanding of physical training practices in the US Army, the reasons why soldiers exercise the way they do, and the influence of physical culture’s evolution on present-day reform efforts. Between the 1880s and the 1950s, the Army’s set of practices and values matured through interactions between combat experience, developments in the field of physical education, institutional outsiders, application beyond the military, and popular culture. A persistent tension between discipline and group averages on one hand and maximizing the individual warrior’s abilities on the other manifested early and continues to this day. Bodies for Battle also builds on earlier studies on sport in the US military by highlighting historical divergences between athletics and disciplinary and combat readiness impulses. Additionally, Bodies for Battle analyzes applications of the Army’s physical culture to wider society in an effort to “prehabilitate” citizens for service.