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The Commission reviewed 22 marine mammal taxa (i.e., species, subspecies, or population stocks) that occur regularly or entirely within U.S. waters and that are either listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act or designated as depleted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The review considered methods for identifying taxa at elevated risk of extinction, evidence regarding their viability, threats to their conservation, and the current status and funding for recovery programs. The review also included an in-depth case study of the cost-effectiveness of recovery efforts for the North Atlantic right whale. Of the 22 taxa, 2 are not considered to be viable: the Caribbean monk seal is considered extinct and the AT1 population of killer whales appears to be on the verge of extinction. The remaining 20 taxa are considered viable; that is, they can persist and recover if human-related threats are identified and addressed. Historical data indicate that many wild species, including a number of marine mammal taxa, have recovered from low numbers when human-related threats were managed effectively.
European Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises: Marine Mammal Conservation in Practice presents an intimate view of the workings of international conservation agreements to protect marine mammals, detailing achievements over the last 25 years, identifying weaknesses and making recommendations that governments, scientists, marine stakeholders and the public can take to improve conservation efforts. The book is written by an experienced marine mammal scientist and award-winning conservationist, providing a unique synthesis on their status, distribution and ecology. In addition, it presents information on various conservation threats, including fisheries by catch, contaminants, noise disturbance, plastic ingestion and climate change. This comprehensive resource will appeal to marine mammal conservationists and researchers, as well as environmental and wildlife practitioners at all levels. Offers an accessible review on how scientists study this challenging group of mammals to gather necessary evidence for conservation action Illustrates, with striking images, all recorded regional species, including distribution maps, key threats and specific research methods Includes contributions from leading scientists, conservationists, and members of government and international bodies, like IWC and UNEP
Comprehensive manual for understanding and carrying out marine mammal rescue activities for stranded seals, manatees, dolphins, whales, or sea otters.
"Providing insight into issues that involve a complex mixture of scientific, social, economic, and political considerations, Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals is a valuable reference for students, scientists, conservationists, and policymakers."--BOOK JACKET.
This book is divided into three major sections. The first discusses provisions of the MMPA and the ESA that form the foundation for most marine mammal protection programs. The second profiles protection programs for all 22 listed taxa. Each profile summarizes information on the taxon's status, major threats, management framework, critical habitat, recovery planning, major management actions, and staffing and funding levels. The third summarizes overall trends in protection programs for the listed species and populations, based on those profiles. Appendices include tables and charts with estimates of expenditures for related conservation programs, additional details regarding key provisions of the MMPA and the ESA, and information on the status of the various taxa.
The San Francisco Bay Delta Estuary is a large, complex estuarine ecosystem in California. It has been substantially altered by dikes, levees, channelization, pumps, human development, introduced species, dams on its tributary streams and contaminants. The Delta supplies water from the state's wetter northern regions to the drier southern regions and also serves as habitat for many species, some of which are threatened and endangered. The restoration of water exacerbated tensions over water allocation in recent years, and have led to various attempts to develop comprehensive plans to provide reliable water supplies and to protect the ecosystem. One of these plans is the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP). The report, A Review of the Use of Science and Adaptive Management in California's Draft Bay Delta Conservation Plan, determines that the plan is incomplete in a number of important areas and takes this opportunity to identify key scientific and structural gaps that, if addressed, could lead to a more successful and comprehensive final BDCP. The plan is missing the type of structure usually associated with current planning methods in which the goals and objectives are specified, alternative measure for achieving the objectives are introduced and analyzed, and a course of action in identified based on analytical optimization of economic, social, and environmental factors. Yet the panel underscores the importance of a credible and a robust BDCP in addressing the various water management problems that beset the Delta. A stronger, more complete, and more scientifically credible BDCP that effectively integrates and utilizes science could indeed pave the way toward the next generation of solutions to California's chronic water problems.