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This book explores how traditional Sunni Muslim conceptions have informed or shaped Islamization strategies in contemporary Turkey. In particular, the author proposes to examine the teaching curriculum of the Ministry of Education, which oversees Turkish public religious education; the activities and teachings of Diyanet, the constitutional organ responsible for managing all religious affairs; and the ideas and activities of three Muslim religious groups currently operating in Turkey. The monograph explains how the interpretation and practice of Islam affects various situations in the Muslim world and analyzes the concept of nature in Islam, which has been an indivisible component of Islamic tradition since the beginning.
The Return to Being tells the story of the journey of the human soul from the material world to its ultimate goal – annihilation in Allah’s actions, attributes, and essence. In this work, ‘Allamah Tabataba’i outlines the human-divine relationship and the stages by which human beings can reach human perfection in their journey towards the station of ‘being in Being’. The author contends that all human beings have the capacity to achieve this highest stage of spiritual perfection whereby they can witness the beauty and glory of God. Integrating ontological and epistemological principles, Tabataba’i elaborates on the two interior and exterior aspects of realities, including religion, which manifest at different existential levels. The author also suggests spiritual methods to anyone who would like to learn more about theoretical and practical principles in order to attain spiritual refinement and to achieve the interior dimensions of existence and religious knowledge.
"Fitrah: Man's Natural Disposition" is a translation of the Persian book "Fi?rat" by the great Muslim thinker and reformer, Ayatollah Murtada Mutahhari. "Fitrah" is the theme of a 10-session lecture series given the martyred thinker in 1976-77. With ample citations from the Qur'an and other traditional Islamic sources, Mutahhari discusses the concept of 'fitrah' or man's natural disposition. The author does not confine himself to Islamic references as he continuously engages with the views of a wide range of philosophers including Plato, William James, Russell, Nietzsche, Marx, Feuerbach, Auguste Comte, Spencer, Will Durant, and Durkheim, among others. Mutahhari's ontological discussion covers a range of issues, including the literal and technical meaning of 'fitrah', sacred inclinations, love and worship, and the evolution of human originality. He also examines materialism and provides a theistic approach to some issues pertaining to the theories on the origin of religion, the evolution of human society, intrinsic and acquired guidance, and intuitive and sensory dispositions.This book lays a significant interconnected and deep foundation in Islamic theology and an understanding of human psychology, sociology and anthropology fully supported by the holy Quran, ahadith, logic and philosophy. The reader will leave with a holistic understanding of Islam and a true connection with the Almighty (SWT) through one own self.
This is a new approach to the teaching of Islamic philosophy that provides a useful overview of 20th century philosophy in Iran.
This work marks the meeting point of 4 different traditions of the Qur'anic commentary: philosophical, Sufi, Shi'ite and theological. It also presents the author's metaphysical commentary and records the earlier commentaries on the Light Verse. It is significant from the point of view of both the history of Qur'anic commentary and Islamic Philosophy. The most outstanding characteristic of the book is that he explains the meaning of light by establishing its metaphysics, encompassing ontology, cosmology, epistemology, psychology and spiritual wayfaring.
Today the issue of relativism is not only an academic subject, it has become a vital concern in sociology and politics, along with the issue of globalisation. This book studies ethical relativism in its most profound and recent forms, and argues that a non-relativist account of morality is capable of validating our moral experiences without undesirable implications. The author demonstrates that unlike during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, support for ethical relativism is now in decline. He proposes that the most promising strategy is first to settle the issue of the foundations of morality, and then to develop a new theory of morality based on self-love, moral ideas and the process of decision-making. This book brings a fresh perspective to the on-going debate on post-modernism and relativism, and should be of interest to all who study philosophy, theology and cultural studies, and those interested in spirituality.
"Abu Hamid al Ghazali, one of the most famous Muslim intellectuals in the history of Islam, set out to provide a legally sanctioned definition of Unbelief (kufr) as the basis for a criterion for determining who is to be considered a Muslim and who is not, as far as theology is concerned. The translation is preceded by an extensive commentary in which the author reconstructs the historical and theoretical context of the Faysal and discusses its relevance for contemporary thought and practice." "This is particularly relevant to the contemporary Muslim theological scene, given the on-going controversy between Revivalist groups, Rationalist and Traditionalist, as to what is the true interpretation of religion and what constitutes a grave deviation from it."--BOOK JACKET.