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The first and second section of the book addresses their earlier history when Assyrian sources first mentioned them during the reign of Sargon II. It examines their effect on the Battle on Mt. Uaush in 714 BCE and its aftermath. It discusses why they rebelled against Sargon II, which led to his death. The third section of the book examines King Esarhaddon of Assyria and his on-and-off fight with the Scythians and Cimmerians and the many chieftains who challenged Assyria during his reign. The fourth section of the book discusses the reign of Ashurbanipal and how he dealt with the Scythians and Cimmerians. In addition, it discusses Ashurbanipal's nervousness when a Cimmerian-Scythian king named Dugdammi threatened the Assyrian Empire. Because of Dugdammi's power, Ashurbanipal may have sent a Scythian chieftain named Madyes against Dugdammi to rid Assyria of its problem. Other topics in this book are the story of Cyaxares and the account found in The Fall of Nineveh Chronicle. In addition, this book examines Herodotus' book, The Histories, in order to understand Cyaxares' role in the fall of Assyria and whether or not Scythians and Cimmerians were present by providing an alternative to the Cyaxares story. Appendix I examines the arms and armor of the Cimmerians and Scythians. It discusses the many weapons used and touches upon the use of biological weapons. The purpose is to help the reader gain an understanding of their methodology in weaponry. Appendix II focuses on Scythian and Cimmerian battle tactics, such as swarming and feinting. It discusses their defensive tactics in depth by revisiting some of the accounts of such historians as Herodotus and Plutarch. The book focuses on inscriptions, the ancient historians' writings about the Scythians and Cimmerians, and the causes that led to the many battles against them. It also addresses how the Scythians and Cimmerians blended among the ranks of those who ruled them in times of war and peace.
Though the 'Scythian period' in the history of Eastern Europe lasted little more than 400 years, the impression these horsemen made upon the history of their times was such that a thousand years after they had ceased to exist as a sovereign people, their heartland and the territories which they dominated far beyond it continued to be known as 'greater Scythia'. From the very beginnings of their emergence on the world scene the Scythians took part in the greatest campaigns of their times, defeating such mighty contemporaries as Assyria, Urartu, Babylonia, Media and Persia. This highly illustrated book details their costume, weapons and the way they waged war.
Brilliant horsemen and great fighters, the Scythians were nomadic horsemen who ranged wide across the grasslands of the Asian steppe from the Altai mountains in the east to the Great Hungarian Plain in the first millennium BC. Their steppe homeland bordered on a number of sedentary states to the south - the Chinese, the Persians and the Greeks - and there were, inevitably, numerous interactions between the nomads and their neighbours. The Scythians fought the Persians on a number of occasions, in one battle killing their king and on another occasion driving the invading army of Darius the Great from the steppe. Relations with the Greeks around the shores of the Black Sea were rather different - both communities benefiting from trading with each other. This led to the development of a brilliant art style, often depicting scenes from Scythian mythology and everyday life. It is from the writings of Greeks like the historian Herodotus that we learn of Scythian life: their beliefs, their burial practices, their love of fighting, and their ambivalent attitudes to gender. It is a world that is also brilliantly illuminated by the rich material culture recovered from Scythian burials, from the graves of kings on the Pontic steppe, with their elaborate gold work and vividly coloured fabrics, to the frozen tombs of the Altai mountains, where all the organic material - wooden carvings, carpets, saddles and even tattooed human bodies - is amazingly well preserved. Barry Cunliffe here marshals this vast array of evidence - both archaeological and textual - in a masterful reconstruction of the lost world of the Scythians, allowing them to emerge in all their considerable vigour and splendour for the first time in over two millennia.
"Scythian Gold and the exhibition it accompanies, "Gold of the Nomads: Scythian Treasures from Ancient Ukraine, " present the most important Scythian gold objects in Ukraine, many of which were discovered only in the last two decades. This exhibition and catalogue combine an analysis of these pieces with an overview of recent advances in our understanding of Scythian culture."--BOOK JACKET.
This book presents 45 papers presented at a major international conference held at the British Museum during the 2017 BP exhibition 'Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia'. Papers include new archaeological discoveries, results of scientific research and studies of museum collections, most presented in English for the first time.
Descendants of the Amazons, the Scythians work alongside prominent governments but answer to no one. Warriors living on the fringe of civilization, they live by one credo: Strength through Equality. Power through Knowledge. Nya Thalestris is the brightest Scythian of her generation. Strong, capable, ruthless, she is sure to earn a spot in the Trials, a time-honored mating ritual responsible for the evolution of her species. Abducted by their sworn enemy, the Drahzda, Nya is forever altered and spirals out of control. The Society sends in Jax Nickius. Infamous psychologist and one of the most brutal warriors of their kind, he discovers triggers planted in Nya's mind. As Nya solidifies her spot in the Trials, Jax develops a plan to help her heal--while pursuing her as a mate. But, Nya's attraction to Jax is at war with her instinct to never let anyone get too close. During the Trials, Nya's repressed memories surface, revealing a new enemy--one from inside the consulate walls--and a traitorous alliance on the horizon that could irrevocably change the course of history. Since before the Bronze Age, the Society has managed to safeguard humanity from itself ... until now.
Origin and language of Scythians have interested both ancient and modern researchers since Herodotus introduced this great people onto the scene of history. The theory that Scythians are the branch of Iranian stock is still dominant today. But many puzzles remain unsolved and contradictions are flagrant. Transformed to scientific dogma this theory wiped out identity of a great people, making Scythians victims of unprecedented scientific genocide, buried under scholastic misunderstandings and prejudices. This essay offers different approach based on new reading of Herodotus, the main source for Scythians. Combining many disciplines (historiography, linguistics, anthropology) author demonstrates that more promising perspective is to explain Scythian language from Indo-Aryan. Scythian language, mythology, genealogy are reconstructed from scratch. The new vista might have direct influence on understanding not only of Scythian world but also of Indo-European histo ry in early times.
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