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This book analyzes the drawing data and methods of the Chinese ancient maps that are neglected by the previous researches, and reevaluates the drawing theories and methods, the influences, and accuracy of the maps that represents the scientificity of Chinese ancient cartographic drawings.
This book is the first critical biography of William Taylor, a nineteenth-century American missionary who worked on six continents. Following Taylor’s global odyssey, the volume maps the contours of the Methodist missionary tradition and illumines key historical foundations of contemporary world Christianity. A work of social history that places a leading Methodist missionary in the foreground, this narrative illustrates distinctive aspects and tensions within Methodist missions such as the importance of doctrines like universal atonement and entire sanctification, a deeply pragmatic orientation rooted in God’s providence, an embrace of both entrepreneurial initiatives and networked connection, and the use of revivalism for missionary outreach and leadership development. A Virginia native, Taylor became a Methodist preacher and missionary in California. This volume provides an important narrative account of Taylor’s career as an itinerant revivalist and popular author, in which he toured the eastern United States, the British Isles, and Australasia. Taylor’s participation in the South African revival made him an evangelical celebrity. The author also follows Taylor’s important visits to India and South America, where he initiated new Methodist missions in those contexts and pioneered the concept of “tentmaking” missions. In 1884, Taylor was elected missionary bishop of Africa by his church. By the end of his life, Taylor had recruited or inspired hundreds of Methodists to become foreign missionaries.
"The East Asian maps presented in this study are all found in the MacLean Collection"--Introduction.
Writers know only too well how long it can take—and how awkward it can be—to describe spatial relationships with words alone. And while a map might not always be worth a thousand words, a good one can help writers communicate an argument or explanation clearly, succinctly, and effectively. In his acclaimed How to Lie with Maps, Mark Monmonier showed how maps can distort facts. In Mapping it Out: Expository Cartography for the Humanities and Social Sciences, he shows authors and scholars how they can use expository cartography—the visual, two-dimensional organization of information—to heighten the impact of their books and articles. This concise, practical book is an introduction to the fundamental principles of graphic logic and design, from the basics of scale to the complex mapping of movement or change. Monmonier helps writers and researchers decide when maps are most useful and what formats work best in a wide range of subject areas, from literary criticism to sociology. He demonstrates, for example, various techniques for representing changes and patterns; different typefaces and how they can either clarify or confuse information; and the effectiveness of less traditional map forms, such as visibility base maps, frame-rectangle symbols, and complementary scatterplot designs for conveying complex spatial relationships. There is also a wealth of practical information on map compilation, cartobibliographies, copyright and permissions, facsimile reproduction, and the evaluation of source materials. Appendixes discuss the benefits and limitations of electronic graphics and pen-and-ink drafting, and how to work with a cartographic illustrator. Clearly written, and filled with real-world examples, Mapping it Out demystifies mapmaking for anyone writing in the humanities and social sciences. "A useful guide to a subject most people probably take too much for granted. It shows how map makers translate abstract data into eye-catching cartograms, as they are called. It combats cartographic illiteracy. It fights cartophobia. It may even teach you to find your way."—Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, The New York Times
PREFACE The famous Tibetan doctor and physician to His Holiness the 13th Dalai Lama, Ven. Dr. Khenrab Norbu (1883-1962 A.D.)1, in one of his compositions, illustrated the First Tantra -The Root Tantra- in a tree form, dividing the content into roots, trunks, branches, leaves and fruits of a tree, using the essential concepts of Traditional Tibetan Medicine- The Four Tantras- in a simple way. With the aim to help his students quickly adapt to the theoretical concepts of Tibetan Medicine in a minimum time, the allegorical tree featuring the gist and overview of Traditional Tibetan medicine was illustrated. Darmo Menrampa Lobsang Choedak (1638-1711 A.D.)2 reasoned out in his commentary of the Explanatory Tantra, legs shes gser gyi thurma3, that “It has the significance of widening one’s own wisdom at large and inspire and attract other fellow students to learn the methods of understanding the medical knowledge through an allegorical tree”. Kempa Tsewang (15th century)4 stated “The root holds the foundation of the entire text, the trunk summarizes the meaning of the text, the branches elaborate on the particular meaning, the leaves expound on the details of the meaning. On them blossoms the flower of health and longevity that bears the three fruits of spiritual life, prosperity and happiness.” Having thus been stated, it has been a curriculum in Tibetan Medical Institutes, such as Chakpori Medical College and Lhasa Men Tsee Khang in Tibet, to memorize the allegorical text and to give oral examination of the same. Manually arranging the roots, trunks, branches and leaves was a part of the traditional exam, along with the oral examination. This tradition still continues to these days in many Tibetan Medical Institutes around the world. Similarly, the sole reason to publish this book is to disseminate and promote the comprehensive knowledge of Traditional Tibetan Medicine (Sowa-Rigpa)5, in an easier and a simpler way, and to benefit those non-Tibetans who are keen to learn the ancient medical science, but are unable to read and understand Tibetan language. Hence, this publication will serve as material for those seeking an English version of the Tibetan medical text. Since this book on the allegorical tree of the Four Tantras is the first of its kind to be published in English, I indeed hope that it will serve as a small contribution from my part towards the dissemination of our traditional healing science. In this book, the medical terms used are extracted from or are uniformly based on the books “The Root Tantra and The Explanatory Tantra from the Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantra” and “The Subsequent Tantra from the Secret Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantra”, translated into English by Men-Tsee-Khang6. Priority has been given to directly translate as much Tibetan terms into English as possible, but in certain cases where direct translation has been a challenge such as loong, tripa, baekan, maevel, surya,etc. the Tibetan terms have been written in Tibetan phonetics and italicized to avoid mistranslation. The reason for keeping those terms in Tibetan phonetics is to enhance readability and provide the right pronunciation of the terms. Meanings for the Tibetan phonetics that appear very often throughout the book, Tibetan phonetics of medicinal compounds and the equivalent scientific terms for the Tibetan medicinal ingredients are given in the glossary section at the end of this book. Equivalent transliterated terms for the phonetics have also been included. The Tibetan terms whose meaning relates only to specific chapters are put as footnotes in their respective places.
Index of archaeological papers published in 1891, under the direction of the Congress of Archaeological Societies in union with the Society of Antiquaries.