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This comprehensive guide examines the personal histories, roles, and personalities that played into the traditional cultural art of carving. It also traces the influence of European patronage and the ensuing tourist trade upon this art form, as many Maori carvers began styling and catering their product to meet their clients’ aesthetic desires. Included is a discussion of the establishment of the government-sponsored Rotorua School of Maori Art in 1928, which appointed as the main tutor Eramiha Kapua, a Ngati Tarawhai carver, thus helping his own traditional tribal art to make the transition into a modern “national” art.
Bone carving is as old as civilisation itself. Even some of the oldest bone artifacts have decorative features that are clearly not necessary for their functional nature, showing that there have been complex cultural aspects to the carving of bone since earliest times. The first settlers of Aotearoa brought with them the skills of bone carving, both for items of personal adornment and for the manufacture of tools such as fish-hooks. These skills have been passed on, incorporating various cultural adaptations, to the present day. In Bone Carving, Stephen Myhre has drawn with great sensitivity on techniques and styles of carving from a wide range of Pacific cultures, but particularly Maori. The result is a superb practical handbook for anyone embarking upon this rapidly growing craft. The book provides what the author calls a 'skillbase' - a reliable set of practices and attitudes that can successfully produce bone carvings of great functional and aesthetic beauty. Bone Carvingdescribes and illustrates the materials, tools and techniques, explaining every stage from roughing out to final polishing and mounting, in a clear, strongly personalised style. The author stresses throughout the importance of good design and the development of patience as parts of the skillbase - and the need for integrity. The carver, he says, should respect the old traditions and be sensitive to the cultural significance of the forms being used. Bone Carvingis thus both a practical and a spiritual guide.
Te Toki me te Whao is the first book by one of New Zealand's most esteemed experts in wood carving - and the first dedicated to Maori tool technology since Elsdon Best's Stone Implements of the Maori (1912). Building on a lifetime of study and experience, Clive Fugill provides a complete historical record as well as a practical guide in the use of Maori tools and technology. The book traces the mythical origins of wood carving and stone implements in the Pacific, location and use of materials in New Zealand, the manufacture of tools, and how to use them in making works in wood, stone and bone. Illustrated with over 80 of Clive's drawings, the book also features colour photos by Chris Hoult.
Presents a history of Ngati Hikata through the writings of seven Maori people spanning four generations of the Maaka family. Included are genealogies, traditional histories, and personal documents written in Maori and in English that date from 1848 to 1978. Ranging from pepeha and waiata to the bleakly beautiful diaries of a mutton-birder, the documents collected in this book are a rare and intriguing window into the real lives of their authors. This valuable reference work also shows how to safegaurd and share ancestors' precious work for the future.
The chieftainess Te Ao Kairau lived in the north of the Waiapu Valley. Desiring carving for the meeting houses that she was having erected, she chose her nephew Iwirakau to travel to Uawa to learn the arts of carving at the Rawheoro whare wananga. Iwirakau had a studious nature and practical bent, and many close connections to major lines in Ngati Porou. Upon his return from his studies, Iwirakau added new details acquired from Uawa to the designs and styles of the Waiapu, and became a leader of carving in the Waiapu area. When the whare wananga later declined, such was the strength of the passing down of knowledge that the style of carving associated with them continued. And one of the strongest to survive was that of the Iwirakau School. From the emergence of the chapel and the wharenui in the nineteenth century to the rejuvenation of carving by Apirana Ngata in the 1920s, Maori carving went through a rapid evolution from 1830 to 1930. Focusing on thirty meeting houses, Ngarino Ellis tells the story of Ngati Porou carving and a profound transformation in Maori art. Beginning around 1830, three previously dominant art traditions - waka taua (war canoes), pataka (decorated storehouses) and whare rangatira (chief’s houses) - declined and were replaced by whare karakia (churches), whare whakairo (decorated meeting houses) and wharekai (dining halls). Ellis examines how and why that fundamental transformation took place by exploring the Iwirakau School of carving, based in the Waiapu Valley on the East Coast of the North Island. An ancestor who lived around the year 1700, Iwirakau is credited for reinvigorating the art of carving in the Waiapu region. The six major carvers of his school went on to create more than thirty important meeting houses and other structures. During this transformational period, carvers and patrons re-negotiated key concepts such as tikanga (tradition), tapu (sacredness) and mana (power, authority) - embedding them within the new architectural forms whilst preserving rituals surrounding the creation and use of buildings. A Whakapapa of Tradition tells us much about the art forms themselves but also analyses the environment that made carving and building possible: the patrons who were the enablers and transmitters of culture; the carvers who engaged with modern tools and ideas; and the communities as a whole who created the new forms of art and architecture. This book is both a major study of Ngati Porou carving and an attempt to make sense of Maori art history. What makes a tradition in Maori art? Ellis asks. How do traditions begin? Who decides this? Conversely, how and why do traditions cease? And what forces are at play which make some buildings acceptable and others not? Beautifully illustrated with new photography by Natalie Robertson, and drawing on the work of key scholars to make a new synthetic whole, this book will be a landmark volume in the history of writing about Maori art.
Charts the growth of sculpture from the era of British imports through the period of strong British influence to the more confident art of the twentieth century and beyond.
Offers a look at the Maori visual arts, emphasising on the design. Covering tattooing, drawing and painting, carving and weaving, this book explores the origination, evolution, and significance of the designs, and explains the materials and techniques used to create them.
Maori carving is the writing of a people who never needed a written language. All the national conceptions of ancestor respect and allegiance, man's struggle to choose between good and evil, love of children, pride, suffering and defiance are there to be read by the initiated. Maori Carving Illustrated is an essential source of information about the development and features of Maori wood carving. It has been reprinted 12 times since its publication in 1955 and in the current edition has been revised and updated by David Simmons. With reference to numerous photos, W.J. Phillips discusses topics including • •the influence of tapu •basic shapes and patterns like the manaia, three-fingered hand and spiral •carving on weapons and tools •wakahuia, carved houses and canoes •Arawa and East Coast carving A Final chapter considers the continuity of carving in the modern world. The old experts have trodden the well=beaten patch to the setting sun; but a younger generation takes up their work with new hope and new inspiration.