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Bio-Fertilizers are natural fertilizers which are microbial inoculants of bacteria, algae, fungi alone or in combination and they augment the availability of nutrients to the plants. The use of bio-fertilizers, in preference to chemical fertilizers, offers economic and ecological benefits by way of soil health and fertility to farmers. In view of the immense potential of bio-fertilizer technology covers all major types of bacterial fertilizers. This book will be of use and interest to consultants, researchers, libraries, entrepreneurs, manufacturers of bio-fertilizer and for those who wants to venture in to this field.
With the introduction of green revolution technologies, the modern agriculture is getting more and more dependent upon the steady supply of synthetic inputs. Intensive agriculture with the use of chemical fertilizers in large amount has, no doubt, resulted in manifold increase in the productivity of farm commodities but the adverse effect of these chemicals are clearly visible on soil structure, micro flora, quality of water, food and fodder. At this critical juncture, biofertilizers are useful supplement to chemical fertilizers. Organic farming has emerged as the only answer to bring sustainability to agriculture and environment. Biofertilizers is also an ideal for practicing organic farming. Biofertilizers are the most advanced biotechnology necessary to support developing organic Agriculture, sustainable agriculture, green agriculture and non-pollution agriculture. Bio Fertilizer are natural and organic fertilizer that helps to keep in the soil with all the nutrients and live microorganisms required for the benefits of the plants. Today product like biofertilizers using the biotechnology techniques have proved that biological control is widely regarded as a desirable technique for controlling insects and pests, due to its minimal environmental impact and its avoidance of problems of resistance in the vectors and agricultural pests. The increasing demand for biofertilizers and the awareness among farmers and planters in the use of biofertilizers have paved way for the fertilizer manufacturers and new entrepreneurs to get into biofertilizers production. It is one of the important components of integrated nutrient management, as they are cost effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement the chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. This book gives a detailed process on manufacture of biofertilizers & organic farming. It contains chapters on biofertilizers, role of biofertilizer in crop production, production and distribution of biofertilizer, organic farming, method of organic farming, weed and pest management, and many more. This book will be very helpful to soil scientists, microbiologists, biologists, students, new entrepreneurs, fertilizer industry, organization engaged in biofertilizers production, training centres and to all those interested in the efficient use and recycling of wastes, resource management and sustainable farming.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Agricultural production has increased massively over the last century due to increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but these gains have come at a price. The chemicals are not only expensive; they also reduce microbial activity in agricultural soils and accumulate in the food chain, with potentially harmful effects for humans. Accordingly, it is high time to explore alternatives and to find solutions to overcome our increasing dependence on these chemicals. Biofertilizers, which consist of plant remains, organic matter and microorganisms, might offer an alternative. They are natural, organic, biodegradable, eco-friendly and cost-effective. Further, the microbes present in the biofertilizers are important, because they produce nutrients required for plant growth (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), as well as substances essential for plant growth and development (e.g., auxins and cytokinins). Biofertilizers also improve the physical properties, fertility and productivity of soil, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers while maintaining high crop yield. This makes biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable agriculture and a sustainable environment. The book covers the latest research on biofertilizers, ranging from beneficial fungal, bacterial and algal inoculants; to microbes for bioremediation, wastewater treatment; and recycling of biodegradable municipal, agricultural and industrial waste; as well as biocontrol agents and bio-pesticides. As such, it offers a valuable resource for researchers, academics and students in the broad fields of microbiology and agriculture.
Great attention has been paid to reduce the use of conventional chemical fertilizers harming living beings through food chain supplements from the soil environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative sustainable fertilizers to enhance soil sustainability and agriculture productivity. Biofertilizers are the substance that contains microorganisms (bacteria, algae, and fungi) living or latent cells that can enrich the soil quality with nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, organic matter, etc. They are a cost-effective, biodegradable, and renewable source of plant nutrients/supplements to improve the soil-health properties. Biofertilizers emerge as an attractive alternative to chemical fertilizers, and as a promising cost-effective technology for eco-friendly agriculture and a sustainable environment that holds microorganisms which enhance the soil nutrients' solubility leading a raise in its fertility, stimulates crop growth and healthy food safety. This book provides in-depth knowledge about history and fundamentals to advances biofertilizers, including latest reviews, challenges, and future perspectives. It covers fabrication approaches, and various types of biofertilizers and their applications in agriculture, environment, forestry and industrial sectors. Also, organic farming, quality control, quality assurance, food safety and case-studies of biofertilizers are briefly discussed. Biofertilizers' physical properties, affecting factors, impact, and industry profiles in the market are well addressed. This book is an essential guide for farmers, agrochemists, environmental engineers, scientists, students, and faculty who would like to understand the science behind the sustainable fertilizers, soil chemistry and agroecology.

Bioplastics & Biodegradable Products Manufacturing Handbook (Bioplastic Carry Bags, Bio-PET, Bioplastic Drinking Straws, Corn and Rice Starch-Based Bioplastics, Food Packaging Applications, Cassava Bags, Biodegradable Tableware, Biodegradable Plates, Biodegradable Toilet Paper, Starch Based Biodegradable Plastics, Polylactic Acid (PLA))

by P. K. Chattopadhyay B.Tech. (F.T.B.E.), P.G.D. (F.T.B.E.) (J.U.) Working Experience In Production Quality Control Lab., Project Work, R & D work with Nityakali Rice Mill & Solvents Extraction Plant, Bengal Distilleries Ltd., The Indian Yeast Company Ltd., Kusum Production Ltd., Asian Bio Food (P) Ltd., S.I.R.I., Parle Biscuits Ltd., Apex Silicated& Chemical Inds. (P) Ltd., Hayward Research Centre (Shaw Wallace Group), Niir Project Consultancy Services

Published: 2022-01-01

Total Pages: 448


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Bioplastic is simply plastic that is created from a plant or other biological source rather than petroleum. It can be created by extracting sugar from plants like corn and sugarcane and converting it into polylactic acids (PLAs), or it can be made from microorganism-engineered polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Bioplastics are plastics made from renewable biomass sources such vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, and recovered food waste, among others. Common plastics, such as fossil-fuel plastics (also known as petro-based polymers), on the other hand, are made from petroleum or natural gas. Biodegradable Products Manufacturing (Bio-Products) are all types of natural and artificial products that can be easily decomposed without causing any damage to the environment. The significant examples of Biodegradable Products are Biodegradable Plastic, Biodegradable Airline Meals, Bio-degradable Toilet Paper, Biodegradable Cups etc. It has become the need of the hour to use these products as most of the goods like Plastics take many years to decompose in nature and this affects the environment adversely with time. The worldwide bioplastics market is predicted to increase at a CAGR of 17.1 percent over the next five years. The packaging industry's rising product demand will propel the market even higher. The book covers a wide range of topics connected to bioplastics and biodegradable products, as well as their manufacturing processes. It also includes contact information for machinery suppliers, as well as images of equipment and plant layout. A comprehensive reference to manufacturing and entrepreneurship in the bioplastics and biodegradable products business. This book is a one-stop shop for everything you need to know about the bioplastics and biodegradable products manufacturing industry, which is ripe with potential for manufacturers, merchants, and entrepreneurs. This is the only comprehensive guide to commercial bioplastics and biodegradable products manufacture. It provides a feast of how-to knowledge, from concept through equipment purchase.
Epoxy is a term used to denote both the basic components and the cured end products of epoxy resins, as well as a colloquial name for the epoxide functional group. Epoxy resin are a class of thermoset materials used extensively in structural and specialty composite applications because they offer a unique combination of properties that are unattainable with other thermoset resins. Epoxies are monomers or prepolymers that further reacts with curing agents to yield high performance thermosetting plastics. They have gained wide acceptance in protecting coatings, electrical and structural applications because of their exceptional combination of properties such as toughness, adhesion, chemical resistance and superior electrical properties. Epoxy resins are characterized by the presence of a three membered cycle ether group commonly referred to as an epoxy group 1,2-epoxide, or oxirane. The most widely used epoxy resins are diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A derived from bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin. The market of epoxy resins are growing day by day. Today the total business of this product is more than 100 crores. Epoxy resins are used for about 75% of wind blades currently produced worldwide, while polyester resins account for the remaining 25%. A standard 1.5-MW (megawatt) wind turbine has approximately 10 tonnes of epoxy in its blades. Traditionally, the markets for epoxy resins have been driven by demand generated primarily in areas of adhesives, building and civil construction, electrical insulation, printed circuit boards, and protective coatings for consumer durables, amongst others. The major contents of the book are synthesis and characteristics of epoxy resin, manufacture of epoxy resins, epoxide curing reactions, the dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy resins, physical and chemical properties of epoxy resins, epoxy resin adhesives, epoxy resin coatings, epoxy coating give into water, electrical and electronic applications, analysis of epoxides and epoxy resins and the toxicology of epoxy resins. It will be a standard reference book for professionals and entrepreneurs. Those who are interested in this field can find the complete information from manufacture to final uses of epoxy resin. This presentation will be very helpful to new entrepreneurs, technocrats, research scholars, libraries and existing units.
Advances in Organic Farming: Agronomic Soil Management Practices focuses on the integrated interactions between soil-plant-microbe-environment elements in a functioning ecosystem. It explains sustainable nutrient management under organic farming and agriculture, with chapters focusing on the role of nutrient management in sustaining global ecosystems, the remediation of polluted soils, conservation practices, degradation of pollutants, biofertilizers and biopesticides, critical biogeochemical cycles, potential responses for current and impending environmental change, and other critical factors. Organic farming is both challenging and exciting, as its practice of "feeding the soil, not the plant provides opportunity to better understand why some growing methods are preferred over others. In the simplest terms, organic growing is based on maintaining a living soil with a diverse population of micro and macro soil organisms. Organic matter (OM) is maintained in the soil through the addition of compost, animal manure, green manures and the avoidance of excess mechanization. - Presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances and new developments in the field OF research within a relevant theoretical framework - Highlights the scope of the inexpensive and improved management practices - Focuses on the role of nutrient management in sustaining the ecosystems
Onion and garlic are the spice commodities used for flavouring the dishes. These are considered as valuable medicinal plants offer variety of medicinal properties. Onion & garlic are important commercial crops with versatile applications. The demand for the processed products is increasing day by day due to its convenience to handle and use. Onion & garlic can be processed into a wide variety of products. As per the estimate, approximately 6.75% of the onion produced is being processed. Besides fulfilling the constant demand of domestic population, India exports 13 to 18 lakh tons of onion annually worth around Rs. 2200 crores of foreign exchange revenue. Similarly in case of garlic, the production increased from 4.03 lakh tons to 12.26 lakh tons. Proper placement of onion & garlic products (like; onion pickle, onion chutney, onion paste, garlic oil, garlic paste, garlic powder, garlic flakes, onion flakes, onion powder) in the departmental stores, super markets, shopping malls backed-up by publicity is the key to success. It is also possible to have tie-up with exclusive restaurants, star hotels, renowned caterers for their regular requirements. This handbook is designed for use by everyone engaged in the onion & garlic products manufacturing. The book explains manufacturing process with flow diagrams of various onion & garlic products and addresses of plant & machinery suppliers with their photographs. Major contents of the book are varieties of onion, onion production, onion dehydration, types of garlic, garlic growing, garlic dehydration, onion pickle, onion chutney, onion paste, garlic oil, garlic paste, garlic powder, garlic flakes, onion flakes, onion powder, pest species and pest control of garlic and onion, integrated weed management, packaging, product advertising and sales promotion, marketing etc. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, food technologists, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of onion & garlic products manufacturing. TAGS Best small and cottage scale industries, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business guidance for garlic production, Business guidance for onion production, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Cultivation of garlic, Cultivation of Onion, Dehydrated Garlic & Garlic Powder, Dehydrated Garlic, Dehydrated Onion & Onion Powder, Dehydrated Onion, Garlic and Onion production, Garlic and Onion production Business, Garlic and Onion Small Business Manufacturing, Garlic dehydration, Garlic Oil manufacturing process, Garlic paste manufacturing process, Garlic powder manufacturing plant, Garlic powder manufacturing process, Garlic powder processing plant, Garlic processing plant, Garlic Production, Growing Garlic, Harvesting Garlic, How to Cultivate Onions, How to Grow Garlic, How to Grow Onions, How to make onion powder, How to start a successful Garlic and Onion production business, How to Start Garlic and Onion production business, How to Start Onion and Garlic Processing Industry in India, How to Start Onion and Garlic Production Business, Manufacturing Process of Garlic Flakes, Manufacturing Process of Garlic Paste, Manufacturing Process of Onion Chutney, Manufacturing Process of Onion Flakes, Manufacturing Process of Onion Paste, Manufacturing Process of Onion Powder, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Onion and Garlic Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Garlic and Onion processing industry, Onion & Garlic Cultivation with Processing, Onion and Garlic Based Profitable Projects, Onion and Garlic Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Onion and Garlic Processing Industry in India, Onion and Garlic Processing Projects, Onion cultivation, Onion cultivation in India, Onion dehydration plant in India, Onion dehydration process, Onion farming business plan, Onion Farming in India, Onion farming techniques, Onion Pickle Manufacturing Process, Onion powder making plant, Onion Powder, Onion Processing and Onion Products, Onion processing industry, Onion processing plant, Onion processing unit, Onion production, Onion Storage, Onions powder making, Pest species and pest control of garlic and onion, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Processing of garlic, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Garlic and Onion Manufacturing, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Setting up and opening your Garlic and Onion Business, Small scale Commercial Garlic and Onion by products making, Small scale Garlic and Onion production line, Small Scale Onion and Garlic Processing Projects, Small Start-up Business Project, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting an Onion and Garlic Processing Business, Startup, Start-up Business Plan for Garlic and Onion by products, Startup ideas, Startup Project, Startup Project for Onion and Garlic by products, Startup project plan, Technology Book of Garlic Cultivation and processing, Technology Book of Onion Cultivation and processing, Technology Package of Garlic Processing for Value Addition, Varieties of garlic, Varieties of onion
The use of paints, varnishes and enamels for decoration is nearly as old as human culture itself. These are widely used in homes as well as in industry because painted surfaces are attractive and easy to keep clean. Paint is generally made up of a pigment. It is a chemical material, which alters the color of reflected or transmitted light due to wavelength-selective absorption. Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. The technology of paints, varnishes and enamels is changing rapidly and becoming more complex each day. The paint industry is an important segment of the chemical industry. Enamel paint is paint that air dries to a hard, usually glossy, finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise subject to wear or variations in temperature. The Indian paint industry has seen a gradual shift in the preferences of people from the traditional whitewash to higher quality paints like emulsions and enamel paints with improvement in lifestyle. India is the second largest consumer of paint in Asia. Over the past few years, the Indian paint market has substantially grown and caught the attention of many major players. The market for paints in India is expected to grow at 1.5 times to 2 times GDP growth rate in the coming years. In terms of volumes, pigments demand is expected to reach 4.4 million tonnes. Due to increased Government funding for infrastructure, demand for paints both in industrial and decorative segment is set to rise, thereby rendering Indian paint industry to be poised for further growth. This handbook is designed for use by everyone engaged in the paints, pigments, varnishes and enamels industry. It provides all the information of the various formulae and processes of paints, pigments, varnishes and enamels. The major content of the book are paint testing, color in paint, maintenance paints, emulsion paints, exterior or interior paints, exterior or interior multicolor paints, exterior swimming pool paints and enamels, interior ceiling paints, metal paints, marine paints, enamel paints, interior fire- retardant paints, interior gloss paints, paint formulation, manufacture of natural copal varnishes, floor paints and enamels, varnishes, lacquers and floor finishes, white pigments, colored pigments, pigment dispersion etc. The book contains addresses of plant & machinery suppliers with their Photographs. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of paints, pigments, varnishes and enamels technology. TAGS Starting Paint Production Business, How to Start Paint Manufacturing Industry, Business Plan for Paint Industry, How to Start Successful Manufacturing Business, Paint Manufacturing Business Plan, Paint Production Process, Paint Business Plan, Paint Production, Paint Production Business Plan, How to Start Paint Production Business, Paint Manufacturing, Planning in Paint Manufacturing Industry, Process Plants for Paint Industry, Paint Making Process, Paint Manufacturing Process, Process of Paint Production, How to Manufacture Paint, Paint Manufacturing Machines, Resin Manufacture, Resin Manufacturing, Resin Manufacturing Plant, Manufacturing Process of Resins, How to Start Resin Manufacturing Business, Resin Manufacturing Process, Process of Making Resin, Powder Coatings Manufacturing, Powder Coatings Manufacture, Manufacturing Process for Powder Coatings, Powder Coating Manufacturing Process, Powder Coating Production Equipment, Powder Coating Plant, Manufacture of Natural Copal Varnishes, Method of Heating, Manufacture of Black Varnishes, Black Varnish Manufacture, Manufacture of Spirit Varnishes, Floor Paints and Enamels, Interior Concrete Paints and Enamels, Exterior White Enamels, Exterior or Interior Enamels, Varnishes, Lacquers and Floor Finishes, Furniture Rubbing Varnish, Epoxy-Amine Clear Coating, White Pigment Evaluation Methods, Colored Pigments, Mill Base Formulation, Plasticizers, Oxygenated Solvents, Wood Coatings, Paint and Varnish Removers, Solvent Paint and Varnish Removers, Formulation of Varnish Removers, Chemical Removers, Non Chlorinated Solvent Paint Removers, Removal of Epoxies, Mechanism of Paint Removal, Methods of Paint Removal, Manufacturing Process of Paint Remover Paint, Paint Removers Production, How to Remove Paint With Chemical, Powder Coating & Paint Remover, Paint Remover Industry, Manufacture of Paint Removers, Paint Removing Methods, Methods for Testing Paints, Color in Paint, Maintenance Paints, Emulsion Paints, Exterior or Interior Paints, Exterior or Interior White Multicolor Paint, Exterior Swimming Pool Paints and Enamels, Interior Flat White Ceiling Paint, Interior Ceiling Paints, Metal Paints, Gray Automotive Enamel, Aluminum Paint, Maintenance Paints and Coatings, Paint Formulation, Paint Formulation and Process, Paint Formulation Guide, Laboratory Equipment, Color Testing, Color Formulation, Emulsion Formation, Formulation of Solvent, Marine Paints, Npcs, Niir, Process Technology Books, Business Consultancy, Business Consultant, Project Identification and Selection, Preparation of Project Profiles, Startup, Business Guidance, Business Guidance to Clients, Startup Project, Startup Ideas, Project For Startups, Startup Project Plan, Business Start-Up, Business Plan for Startup Business, Great Opportunity for Startup, Small Start-Up Business Project, Best Small and Cottage Scale Industries, Startup India, Stand Up India, Small Scale Industries, New Small Scale Ideas for Powder Coating Manufacturing, Paint Removers Production Business Ideas You Can Start on Your Own, Small Scale Paint Formulation Processing, Guide to Starting and Operating Small Business, Business Ideas for Paint Manufacturing, How to Start Paint Manufacturing Business, Starting Paint Manufacturing, Start Your Own Paint Removers Production Business, Powder Coating Manufacturing Business Plan, Business Plan for Resin Manufacturing, Small Scale Industries in India, Color Formulation Based Small Business Ideas in India, Small Scale Industry You Can Start on Your Own, Business Plan for Small Scale Industries, Set Up Powder Coating Manufacturing, Profitable Small Scale Manufacturing, How to Start Small Business in India, Free Manufacturing Business Plans, Small and Medium Scale Manufacturing, Profitable Small Business Industries Ideas, Business Ideas for Startup
This book includes twenty-one comprehensive chapters addressing various soil and crop management issues, including modern techniques in enhancing crop production in the era of climate change. There are a few case studies and experimental evidence about these production systems in specific locations. Particular focus is provided on the state-of-the-art of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and precision agriculture, as well as many other recent approaches in ensuring sustainable crop production. This book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, and researchers, particularly in the fields of crop science, soil science, and agronomy.