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In many countries irrigated agriculture consumes a large proportion of the available water resources, often over 70% of the total. There is considerable pressure to release water for other uses and, as a sector, irrigated agriculture will have to increase the efficiency and productivity of its water use. This is particularly true for manually operated irrigation systems managed by government agencies, which provide water for a large number of users on small landholdings and represent 60% of the total irrigated area worldwide. Drawing on the author's 30 years of experience in some 28 countries, this book offers knowledge of the management of irrigation and drainage systems, including traditional technical areas of systems operation and maintenance, and expanding managerial, institutional and organizational aspects. Chapters provide guidelines to improve management, operation and maintenance processes, which move management thinking out of traditional public-sector mindsets to a more customer-focused, performance-oriented service delivery. As a practical guide to improve efficiency and productivity in irrigated agriculture, this book will be essential reading for irrigation managers and technicians as well as students and policy makers in water management, agriculture and sustainable development.
This monograph provides an overview of the principles required for a service orientation in the management of irrigation and drainage systems. The material covered is designed to emphasize an area largely neglected in the irrigation and drainage management literature. The dominating philosophy underlying this book is that irrigation and drainage systems must be managed as a service business responsive to the needs and changing requirements of its customers. It is postulated that this service approach to the management of irrigation and drainage systems consitutes a key element of the startegy that is needed to improve the current level of performance of many irrigation and drainage systems worldwide. Enhanced performance of irrigation is a prerequisite if we are to face the enormous challenge of producing greater quantities of food to meet the demand of a growing population. This is particularly the case in an environment with increasing competition for water from industry and urban water users, set against mounting concerns about environmental sustainability.
This book has been prepared to help organizations responsible for operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage systems to develop strategies and prepare plans for proper and effective operation and maintenance. It provides the basis for the preparation of manuals necessary for managers and staff to perform needed activities at the proper time. The guide provides a comprehensive list of issues that should be addressed in operation and maintenance manuals for irrigation and drainage systems, and a listing of published materials and working papers which will assist in the formulation of plans for operation and maintenance. The guide should serve as a valuable tool to assist managers in developing and improving effective organizations to serve water consumers better.
The Book Irrigation And Water Resources Engineering Deals With The Fundamental And General Aspects Of Irrigation And Water Resources Engineering And Includes Recent Developments In Hydraulic Engineering Related To Irrigation And Water Resources Engineering. Significant Inclusions In The Book Are A Chapter On Management (Including Operation, Maintenance, And Evaluation) Of Canal Irrigation In India, Detailed Environmental Aspects For Water Resource Projects, A Note On Interlinking Of Rivers In India, And Design Problems Of Hydraulic Structures Such As Guide Bunds, Settling Basins Etc.The First Chapter Of The Book Introduces Irrigation And Deals With The Need, Development And Environmental Aspects Of Irrigation In India. The Second Chapter On Hydrology Deals With Different Aspects Of Surface Water Resource. Soil-Water Relationships Have Been Dealt With In Chapter 3. Aspects Related To Ground Water Resource Have Been Discussed In Chapter 4. Canal Irrigation And Its Management Aspects Form The Subject Matter Of Chapters 5 And 6. Behaviour Of Alluvial Channels And Design Of Stable Channels Have Been Included In Chapters 7 And 8, Respectively. Concepts Of Surface And Subsurface Flows, As Applicable To Hydraulic Structures, Have Been Introduced In Chapter 9. Different Types Of Canal Structures Have Been Discussed In Chapters 10, 11, And 13. Chapter 12 Has Been Devoted To Rivers And River Training Methods. After Introducing Planning Aspects Of Water Resource Projects In Chapter 14, Embankment Dams, Gravity Dams And Spillways Have Been Dealt With, Respectively, In Chapters 15, 16 And 17.The Students Would Find Solved Examples (Including Design Problems) In The Text, And Unsolved Exercises And The List Of References Given At The End Of Each Chapter Useful.
Smallholder irrigation systems–where farm sizes generally range from a fraction of a hectare to 10 hectares–pose special management problems, especially where the water available for irrigation is frequently less than the demand. The intensity of system adjustments required to meet individual farmer demands, and the administrative complexity of measuring and accounting water deliveries have generally proven excessive when attempting to meet “on demand” schedules, resulting in chaos (often characterized by illegal tampering with infrastructure, and vast differences of water use intensity at different locations in the system). The alternative–provision of a simple service, based on proportional sharing of available supplies on the basis of landholdings–has been resilient for many years over vast areas. The approach is based on a clear delineation between the part of the irrigation system that is actively managed (at various flow rates and water levels) and the part of the system that operates either at full supply level (with proportional division of water down to the level at which farmers rotate among their individual farms), or is completely shut. This operational design is known as a “structured” system, and has well-defined hydraulic characteristics, simplifying operation and management, in turn allowing a clearer definition of water entitlements and the responsibilities of agency staff and farmers. The approach is particularly suited to areas where water is scarce and discipline is needed to ration water among users. An additional benefit, which has been demonstrated in modeling studies using a well–proven model relating to water and yield, is that the productivity of water (which is more important than the more traditional productivity of land when water is scarce) is substantially increased when deficit irrigation is practiced–a widely observed and predictable response to rationed water supplies. Structured systems are most suited where water is scarce, clear definition of water entitlements is needed, management capacity is limited, and investment resources are limited. The approach to determining critical aspects of a structured system design is described in this report.
Irrigation with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater - A Guidance Manual is for use in the planning, design, and operation of agricultural and landscape irrigation systems using reclaimed municipal wastewater. It is written for civil and sanitary engineers, agricultural engineers, and agricultural extension workers and consultants. The manual is also useful as a reference for public works officials, municipal wastewater treatment plant operators, and students at colleges and universities. The text emphasizes irrigation for the purpose of optimizing crop production; therefore, it includes detailed instruction in the calculation of crop water requirements. Furthermore, the benefits and limitations of using reclaimed municipal wastewater for agricultural and landscape irrigation are discussed, as are other topics of special interest, including water management for salinity and sodicity control, and economic and legal aspects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation.
The comprehensive and compact presentation in this book is the perfect format for a resource/textbook for undergraduate students in the areas of Agricultural Engineering, Biological Systems Engineering, Bio-Science Engineering, Water Resource Engineering, and Civil & Environmental Engineering. This book will also serve as a reference manual for researchers and extension workers in such diverse fields as agricultural engineering, agronomy, ecology, hydrology, and meteorology.
This book is designed to give an existing state of knowledge in the field of hydrology, irrigation engineering, and hydraulic structures in a brief manner so that students can use it for their own reference from time to time. Compared to other voluminous books available on the subject, the author has tried to cover the important subject matter in an abridged manner in approximately 320 pages. Besides the full explanation of the theoretical aspects with well-illustrated figures, it gives a number of solved numerical examples. Problems for practice are also given with answers at the end of each chapter.
This book fills the need for an up-to-date comprehensive text on irrigation water management for students of agriculture both at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The scope of the book makes it a useful reference for courses in agricultural engineering, agronomy, soil science, agricultural physics and environmental sciences. It can also serve as a valuable guidebook to persons working with farming communities.The coverage in fifteen chapters brings out different aspects of irrigation including irrigation situation in the world, rainfall, evaporation, water wealth and progressive development of irrigation in India, measurement of soil water and irrigation water, methods of irrigation, irrigation with saline water, formulating cropping pattern in irrigated area and management of high water table.