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With reference to Nepal.
In recent years, the growing disparities between rural and urban areas in developing countries have been a cause of major concern. The rural-urban gap remains the single most well-documented development and welfare disparity in the developing world. This gap can be seen in the low economic activities, higher poverty levels, and lower quality infrastructure and services in rural areas as opposed to urban areas. While the magnitude of this rural-urban divide is well-documented, very little has been documented about its impact on inclusive and sustainable urban development. The Handbook of Research on Managing the Urban-Rural Divide Through an Inclusive Framework aims to capture the spatial and socio-economic divide between rural and urban areas and provides a road map to revamping the discussion that surrounds the urban-rural sphere. Covering key topics such as development, food security, and rural regions, this premier reference source is ideal for policymakers, government officials, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, practitioners, scholars, instructors, and students.
This book critically examines different forms of urban-rural links for sustainable development in different countries. As intertwined processes of globalization, digitalization, environmental challenges and the search for sustainable development continue, rural and urban areas around the world become increasingly interconnected and interdependent. This book contributes to understanding the role of this growing interconnectedness from an economic geographical perspective. It does so by theoretically and empirically addressing the various existing linkages, such as food networks, value chains, and regional governance at local, regional, national and international levels. In doing so, contributions extend and contrast existing approaches dealing with urban and rural areas separately by considering the interplay between these two as well as their consequences for sustainability transition pathways. This edited volume adds to the academic and policy debate by bringing together a variety of concepts and themes in order to shift the research and policy agenda away from simple dichotomy to different notions of rural-urban linkages. Offering multidisciplinary insights into rural-urban linkages, the book will be of interest to decision-makers, practitioners and researchers in the fields of economic geography, regional planning, food studies and economics.
Rural development policies have historically focused primarily on increasing agricultural productivity, but this volume demonstrates the need for a much broader approach as rural producers become increasingly integrated into the global economy. Followi
The gap between the rich and the poor, the urban and the rural, has led to a massive immigration from rural areas to cities. It is not uncommon for men to leave their households to find work in the cities, while their wives tend crops and take care of the children. This puts the extreme amount of pressure on families who are divided by economic forces. Rural-urban interactions, is increasingly recognised as central in processes of social, economic and cultural change in both cities and countryside. Despite this renewed interest, however, empirical studies of the scale and nature of the interactions between rural and urban areas still have a relatively limited impact on development policy and practice. Spatial policies such as regional development planning have traditionally been the tools used by policy makers in their attempt to encourage a better balance between cities and countryside and to reduce migration pressures on large urban centres. Sectoral strategies give a high priority to agriculture and rural development, on the assumption that this will help address rural poverty and that the benefits will be concentrated in the regions or rural areas to which these programs are directed. In many instances, however, this has not been the case, and the main beneficiaries often have been large farmers and wealthy or well-connected businesses. Meanwhile, the goods and services required by the new economic activities stimulated by these policies often draw from businesses located outside the regional boundaries, and rising incomes are often spent or invested elsewhere. The structural transformation of an economy during the process of development is a well-established fact. In this process a rural population mainly employed in agriculture turns into an urban one shifting towards industry and eventually services. Such a process has some clear association with the rural-urban distribution of income within countries as well as with their rate of growth. This paper is concerned with both of these macro aspects of the urbanization. It also aims to describe the nature of the urbanization process by testing for convergence as well as for persistence in growth rates of cities. This provides a complementary view of the urban transformation of a country to that of the macro-analysis. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide summarises and appraises theories of rural-urban relations and economic development and explores, mainly on the basis of country case studies, the conceptual and theoretical problems to which they give rise. There is a linkage between the rural and urban development. These linkages matter because rural and urban livelihoods are interconnected economically, financially, and socially.