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Este libro es un manual completo para el reciclaje de residuos domésticos y de jardín. Ilustra todas las técnicas para obtener un excelente fertilizante y acondicionador de suelo de forma gratuita. Una familia de 3-4 personas con un huerto de tamaño normal puede producir 5 quintales de residuos orgánicos al año de los que fácilmente se pueden obtener 2 quintales de compost, equivalentes a diez bolsas de 50 litros de tierra de jardín. Esto reduce los costes de compra de fertilizantes prácticamente a cero. Además, muchas administraciones locales ofrecen descuentos y concesiones a quienes producen su propio compost. El libro ilustra todas las técnicas para obtener gratis un excelente fertilizante y acondicionador del suelo. El texto se enriquece con fichas, tablas e imágenes que guían al lector en la producción de compost tanto en el jardín como en el balcón de la casa, incluso con una compostera de construcción propia.. Durante millones de años, en la Tierra, una enorme masa de sustancia orgánica ha estado "muriendo". En nuestros jardines, como en los parques y bosques del planeta, todas las especies de plantas e insectos, así como los animales superiores, renuevan su presencia según los ciclos de la naturaleza. Si consideramos el número de hojas de un árbol o la cantidad de hierba que hay en la extensión de un césped, podemos imaginar la masa de materia orgánica que acaba en el suelo donde se descompone más o menos rápido. Sin embargo, este enorme nivel de materia en descomposición no causa contaminación. Basta con adentrarse en un bosque en invierno y remover el manto de hojas muertas bajo los árboles: no surgirá olor a putrefacción, si acaso, un olor incluso agradable para los amantes de la naturaleza. Excavando debajo de las hojas, después de unos centímetros se encuentra con un suelo de color oscuro, rico en humus. Es la conocida tierra forestal, muy buscada para muchos cultivos. La tierra forestal es un producto precioso del trabajo de la naturaleza. Si, por el contrario, pensamos en nuestros residuos de cocina, que tiramos a la papelera, enseguida notamos la diferencia: de hecho, al cabo de un tiempo se pudren y desprenden un olor repugnante. La diferencia entre el trabajo que realiza la naturaleza en el bosque y el trabajo que realizamos nosotros en el basurero radica en que el bosque es un organismo vivo. Los desechos que caen al suelo encuentran miles de millones de hongos, bacterias, nematodos, gusanos, insectos. Este es un pequeño ejército dispuesto a luchar para convertir los desechos en humus. Todos estos agentes de la naturaleza, con el aporte de oxígeno, provocan una transformación positiva. El compostaje casero, el tema de este libro, ilustra las técnicas necesarias para asegurar que incluso los desechos de nuestra cocina y nuestro jardín se eliminen del proceso de putrefacción y se transformen en humus.
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
A manifesto for a radically different philosophy and practice of manufacture and environmentalism "Reduce, reuse, recycle" urge environmentalists; in other words, do more with less in order to minimize damage. But as this provocative, visionary book argues, this approach perpetuates a one-way, "cradle to grave" manufacturing model that dates to the Industrial Revolution and casts off as much as 90 percent of the materials it uses as waste, much of it toxic. Why not challenge the notion that human industry must inevitably damage the natural world? In fact, why not take nature itself as our model? A tree produces thousands of blossoms in order to create another tree, yet we do not consider its abundance wasteful but safe, beautiful, and highly effective; hence, "waste equals food" is the first principle the book sets forth. Products might be designed so that, after their useful life, they provide nourishment for something new-either as "biological nutrients" that safely re-enter the environment or as "technical nutrients" that circulate within closed-loop industrial cycles, without being "downcycled" into low-grade uses (as most "recyclables" now are). Elaborating their principles from experience (re)designing everything from carpeting to corporate campuses, William McDonough and Michael Braungart make an exciting and viable case for change.
This book guides architects, landscape designers, urban planners, agronomists and society on the implementation of sustainable rooftop farming projects. The interdisciplinary team of authors involved stresses the different approaches and the multi-faceted forms that rooftop farming may assume in any context. While rooftop farming experiences are sprouting all over the world the need for scientific evidence on the most suitable growing solutions, policies and potential benefits emerges. This volume brings together existing experiences as well as suggestions for planning future sustainable cities.
Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
The livestock revolution; Recent transformation of livestock food demand; Accompanying transformation of livestock supply; Projections of future demand and supply to 2020; Implications of the livestock revolution for world trade and food prices; Nutrition, food security, and poverty alleviation; Environmental sustainability; Public health; Technology needs and prospects; Taking stock and moving forward.