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São objetos de estudo deste livro temas como - a dignidade da pessoa humana, com reflexos no estudo do nascituro e do embrião; o aborto, sua configuração como crime e exceções; a retirada do feto anencéfalo do útero materno; a pesquisa com células-tronco embrionárias na Lei no 11.105/2005; a clonagem humana (reprodutiva e terapêutica) e seu acolhimento, ou não, pelo ordenamento jurídico; a experimentação com seres humanos e suas limitações; a reprodução assistida, sem previsão legal para sua execução; a mudança de sexo e a possibilidade de se consignar isso no assento registral; a transfusão de sangue e a sua impossibilidade pela consciência religiosa professada; o transplante de tecidos, órgãos e partes do corpo, sua gratuidade e a verificação do momento da morte para suas extrações; a eutanásia e sua distinção com a distanásia, a ortotanásia, a mistanásia e o suicídio assistido. Apresenta a posição jurisprudencial sobre cada um desses questionamentos, com preocupação do tratamento internacional para cada um dos assuntos.
Aborda a bioetica com adocao da antropologia de referencia, atencao ao fato biologico e medico nos seus aspectos sociais e juridico-deontologico (AU).
The environment is prone to suffer pollution and toxic insult from generations of nanomaterials as well from accidental releases during production, transportation, and disposal operations. The NMs could interact with and cause adverse biological effects at cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels. Assessing potential environmental/ecological risks requires quality information on transport and fate of nanoparticles in the environment, exposures and vulnerabilities of organisms to the nanomaterials and standard methods for assessing toxicity for aquatic or terrestrial organisms and human health. The systematic risk characterization and evaluation of the safety of nanomaterials require a multidisciplinary approach and convergence of knowledge and efforts from researchers and experts from toxicology, biotechnology, materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, and other branches of life sciences. Although studies are beginning to appear in the literature addressing the toxicity of various nanomaterials and their potential for exposure, at this stage definitive statements regarding the impacts of nanomaterials on human health and the environment remain sketchy requiring an increased level of precautions with regard to nanomaterials, as has happened with other emerging contaminants and technologies (e.g., biotechnology). The need for an increased level of understanding the perception of risk and of benefits will vary and is likely to influence public, regulatory, and non-governmental activities regarding risk and benefit evaluations. Systematic identification and assessment of the risks posed by any new technology are essential. A prudent, integrated, and holistic approach is required to develop best practices based on the scientific understanding about what we know and what we don’t know but need to know. Nanomaterials addresses key issues of ecotoxicological actions and effects of nanomaterials on life and environment, their threats, vulnerability, risks, and public perception. The readers learn to read bad news objectively and think about and search for ecological ‘green’ solutions to current environmental and ecological problems with blue, grey, brown, and red shades for building a sustainable ecosystem. It shows how this molecular terrain is a common ground for interdisciplinary research and education that will be an essential component of science, engineering and technology in the future. The book is divided into three sections. Section I includes general topics related to ecotoxicity of nanomaterials to microbes, plants, human and environment. Section 2 incorporates risks generated by the use of nanomaterials. Section 3 discusss safety issues and the public.
The book Reflections on Bioethics is an effort that brings together works grouped into five sections: "Bioethics and Health", "Bioethics and Education", "Bioethics and Technology", "Bioethics in the Use of Experimental Animals",and "Selected Topics of Bioethics". In each of these sections, the fundamental concepts of bioethics and their relationship with each of these branches of knowledge are covered. The purpose is to give the reader a specific document of topics, it is not intended to be a treaty because the study of any of the five sections is very broad. However, this is an effort that manages to combine in interdisciplinary subjects that are fundamental for professionals of all fields of knowledge.
This answer key is to be used with Alif Baa: Introduction to Letters and Sounds, Third Edition. Please note that this answer key is only useful to students and teachers who are NOT using the companion website, which includes self-correcting exercises.
With the spotlight on Magna Carta and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen the existence of similar fundamental rights documents in other European countries is often overlooked. Such fundamental rights documents did, however, exist in the precursors to the current European Union Member States.
Since Carol Gilligan's In a Different Voice (1982) the ethics of care has developed as a movement of allied thinkers, in different continents, who have a shared concern and who reflect on similar topics. This shared concern is that care can only be revalued and take its societal place if existing asymmetrical power relations are unveiled, and if the dignity of care givers and care receivers is better guaranteed, socially, politically and personally. In this first volume of a new series leading care ethicists from Europe and the United States focus on the moral significance of two concepts in the debate that ask for further reflection. In discussion with the work of Axel Honneth on recognition and the work of Emmanuel Housset on compassion a contribution is made to a reconsideration of recognition and compassion from an ethics of care perspective. This volume contains contributions by Andries Baart, Estelle Ferrarese, Chris Gastmans, Mieke Grypdonck, Emmanuel Housset, Carlo Leget, Hilde Lindemann, Axel Liegeois, Christa Schnabl, Joan C. Tronto, Annelies van Heijst, Linus Vanlaere, Frans Vosman and Margaret Urban Walker.
This text was written for students and practitioners in the health profession who need to acquire a knowledge of muscle function, skill in evaluating joint movement and muscle strength, and an understanding of the muscle imbalance associated with faulty posture.