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This study examines the impacts of mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and corporate governance on accounting accruals in the UK and Germany. There has been a long debate on whether mandating a single set of high quality accounting standards, i.e. IFRS, leads to higher quality of accounting earnings. Some treat accounting standards as the sole determinant of accounting quality and find higher quality of accounting numbers in IFRS adoption countries; while others show that reporting incentives dominate accounting standards in determining accounting quality. Using hand-collected corporate governance data in companies' annual reports throughout the sample period 2001-2013, we operationalize reporting incentives by constructing a score that rates the overall effectiveness of a firm's corporate governance and highlight the following main findings. First, the magnitude of discretionary accruals in our sample has not changed since the 2005 mandatory IFRS adoption; meanwhile, the volatility of accrual residuals estimated by Dechow and Dichev (2002) model has become larger in IFRS adoption period, suggesting lower quality of IFRS accounting numbers. Second, firms with better corporate governance and therefore less earnings management incentive are associated with higher accounting quality, i.e. smaller sizes of discretionary accruals and lower volatilities of accrual residuals. Our results are in line with Ball et al. (2003), suggesting that incentives act as a deciding factor in improving accounting quality.
Written for managers and professionals in business and industry, this book helps the reader in: * Understanding what is and is not IFRS * Learning the complexities of IFRS implementation * Appreciating the contribution of IFRS to corporate governance The changeover from the mosaic of different heterogeneous national accounting standards to the International Financial Reporting Standards has not been easy. For many companies IFRS, and most particularly the concept of fair value in IAS 39, has amounted to a phase shift – which is prerequisite to achieving compliant financial reporting. The research conducted by Dr. Chorafas for this book, documented that the process of meeting IFRS requirements presents opportunities and challenges to all enterprises. As many companies have found out, abandoning the classical accruals accounting for marking-to-market their transactions and portfolio positions, has not been easy. The conversion process has affected several functions within the organization including balance sheets, P&L statements, auditing, risk control, information systems, and management accounting. This book is in made up of four parts: * Part One focuses on business competition, standards boards, corporate accounting, and IAS 39 * The theme of Part Two, is the implementation of IFRS, exemplified through case studies on task forces and practical applications * Part Three brings together IFRS and management accounting requirements, with emphasis on fair value. * Part Four addresses itself to the contribution IFRS can make to better corporate governance, and to rebuilding the balance sheet The book has many case studies based on actual experiences. These range from the implementation of IFRS directives such as hedge accounting, to developing practices of real-time balance sheets; the help provided by sophisticated accounting solutions help in stress testing; and a comprehensive definition of the role of the audit committee. * A clear and practical view of the complexities of IFRS implementation * Includes practical case studies from real-life companies going through the process * Pays particular attention to IAS 39 on Fair Value
The one-stop guide to transitioning to IFRS financial reporting The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have already been adopted in Europe, and plans are in place to transition to IFRS reporting in the UK, India, Japan, and other major economies. The US is deliberating the nature of its convergence with IFRS and US entities will need to understand the implications of transition. This means all finance managers and financial controllers will be responsible, not only for understanding IFRS, but for making the transition and dealing with implications. Managing the Transition to IFRS-Based Financial Reporting is a one-stop resource for navigating this major change. Case studies and project management advice help move smoothly from GAAP to IFRS principles and requirements. Managing the Transition to IFRS-Based Financial Reporting is the only book on the market that focuses on both the accounting and non-accounting implications of IFRS transition. This complete approach will guide you from the history and conceptual basis of IFRS through each stage of the transition process, ensuring expert change management and fluid communication from start to finish. Takes a holistic approach, covering non-accounting implications like educating and communicating IFRS requirements Provides case studies to illustrate best practices for moving to the new international standards Provides a framework for planning and executing the entire IFRS transition project With nearly two decades of financial training experience, author Lisa Weaver is imminently qualified to deliver clear, concise, and understandable content. In addition, the reference material and other resources in Managing the Transition to IFRS-Based Financial Reporting will help you simplify the transition and take advantage of all the benefits IFRS reporting confers.
This review lays out a research perspective on earnings quality. We provide an overview of alternative definitions and measures of earnings quality and a discussion of research design choices encountered in earnings quality research. Throughout, we focus on a capital markets setting, as opposed, for example, to a contracting or stewardship setting. Our reason for this choice stems from the view that the capital market uses of accounting information are fundamental, in the sense of providing a basis for other uses, such as stewardship. Because resource allocations are ex ante decisions while contracting/stewardship assessments are ex post evaluations of outcomes, evidence on whether, how and to what degree earnings quality influences capital market resource allocation decisions is fundamental to understanding why and how accounting matters to investors and others, including those charged with stewardship responsibilities. Demonstrating a link between earnings quality and, for example, the costs of equity and debt capital implies a basic economic role in capital allocation decisions for accounting information; this role has only recently been documented in the accounting literature. We focus on how the precision of financial information in capturing one or more underlying valuation-relevant constructs affects the assessment and use of that information by capital market participants. We emphasize that the choice of constructs to be measured is typically contextual. Our main focus is on the precision of earnings, which we view as a summary indicator of the overall quality of financial reporting. Our intent in discussing research that evaluates the capital market effects of earnings quality is both to stimulate further research in this area and to encourage research on related topics, including, for example, the role of earnings quality in contracting and stewardship.
Written by a team of scholars, predominantly from the Centre for Financial Studies in Frankfurt, this volume provides a descriptive survey of the present state of the German financial system and a new analytical framework to explain its workings.
Designed as a companion to Insights into IFRS, KPMG's practical guide to International Financial Reporting Standards, The Application of IFRS: Disclosures in Practice can be your guide to understanding what disclosures other companies are providing in their IFRS financial statements. The content of The Application of IFRS: Disclosures in Practice is based on a review of the financial statements of 199 companies across 16 countries that was carried out by the KPMG International Financial Reporting Group. Over 140 companies are included in the final publication. For ease of use, it is organised by topic to follow the structure of a set of financial statements, consistent with Insights into IFRS. Each section is accompanied by an overview of the presentation and disclosure requirements that relate to that topic, to provide some context to the disclosures illustrated. Also included is IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, which is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2007, but which was adopted early by a number of companies. The KPMG International Financial Reporting Group is part of KPMG IFRG Limited.
Monetary Policy, Islamic Finance, and Islamic Corporate Governance: An International overview explores the interrelationships between corporate governance from the perspective of shari’ah, banking industry and monetary policy and is a must-read for students and professionals.
This technical note and manual (TNM) explains what accrual accounting means for the public sector and discusses current trends in moving from cash to accrual accounting. It outlines factors governments should consider in preparing for the move and sequencing of the transition. The note recognizes that governments considering accounting reforms will have different starting points across the public sector, different objectives, and varying coverage of the existing financial statements, it therefore recommends that governments consider each of these, and the materiality of stocks, flows and entities outside of government accounts when planning reforms and design the sequencing and stages involved accordingly. Building on international experiences, the note proposes four possible phases for progressively increasing the financial operations reported in the balance sheet and operating statement, with the ultimate aim of including all institutional units under the effective control of government in fiscal reports.