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All the solid fuels fossil energy and mineral commodities we use come out of the Earth. Modern society is increasingly dependent on mineral and fossil energy sources. They differ in availability, cost of production, and geographical distribution. Even if solid fuels, fossil energy resources and mineral commodities are non-renewable, the extracted metals can to a large extent be recycled and used again and again. Although the stock of these secondary resources and their use increases, the world still needs and will continue to need primary mineral resources for the foreseeable future. Growing demands have begun to restrict availability of these resources. The Earth is not running out of critical mineral resources – at least for the near future – but the ability to explore and extract these resources is being restricted in many regions by competing land use, as well as political and environmental issues. Extraction of natural resources requires a clear focus on sustainable development, involving economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects. Although we do not know what the most important resources will be in 100 years from now, we can be quite certain that society will still need energy and a wide range of raw materials. These resources will include oil and gas, coal, uranium, thorium, geothermal, metallic minerals, industrial and specialty minerals, including cement, raw materials, rare-earth elements. A global approach for assessing the magnitude and future availability of these resources is called for – an approach that, with appropriate international collaboration, was started within the triennium of the International Year of Planet Earth. Some global mineral resource assessments, involving inter-governmental collaboration, have already been initiated. The International Year of Planet Earth helped to focus attention on how the geosciences can generate prosperity locally and globally, as well as sustainability issues in both developed and developing countries.
This book deals with the renewable energy resources in terms of opportunities and dangers and in terms of how natural resources relate to human resources and needs, emphasizing the crucial importance of early planning, balanced management, and timely decisions.
Every decision about energy involves its price and cost. The price of gasoline and the cost of buying from foreign producers; the price of nuclear and hydroelectricity and the costs to our ecosystems; the price of electricity from coal-fired plants and the cost to the atmosphere. Giving life to inventions, lifestyle changes, geopolitical shifts, and things in-between, energy economics is of high interest to Academia, Corporations and Governments. For economists, energy economics is one of three subdisciplines which, taken together, compose an economic approach to the exploitation and preservation of natural resources: energy economics, which focuses on energy-related subjects such as renewable energy, hydropower, nuclear power, and the political economy of energy resource economics, which covers subjects in land and water use, such as mining, fisheries, agriculture, and forests environmental economics, which takes a broader view of natural resources through economic concepts such as risk, valuation, regulation, and distribution Although the three are closely related, they are not often presented as an integrated whole. This Encyclopedia has done just that by unifying these fields into a high-quality and unique overview. The only reference work that codifies the relationships among the three subdisciplines: energy economics, resource economics and environmental economics. Understanding these relationships just became simpler! Nobel Prize Winning Editor-in-Chief (joint recipient 2007 Peace Prize), Jason Shogren, has demonstrated excellent team work again, by coordinating and steering his Editorial Board to produce a cohesive work that guides the user seamlessly through the diverse topics This work contains in equal parts information from and about business, academic, and government perspectives and is intended to serve as a tool for unifying and systematizing research and analysis in business, universities, and government
What is Natural Resource Management Natural resource management (NRM) is the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants, and animals, with a specific emphasis on how management affects the quality of life for both current and future generations (stewardship). Natural resource management is also known as environmental planning and management. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Natural resource management Chapter 2: Natural resource Chapter 3: Natural capital Chapter 4: Ecotourism Chapter 5: Environmental protection Chapter 6: Environmental resource management Chapter 7: Ecosystem service Chapter 8: Environmental planning Chapter 9: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Chapter 10: DPSIR Chapter 11: Marine spatial planning Chapter 12: Sustainability accounting Chapter 13: Sustainability Chapter 14: Community forestry Chapter 15: Ecosystem management Chapter 16: Community-based management Chapter 17: Natural capital accounting Chapter 18: Participatory monitoring Chapter 19: Nature-based solutions Chapter 20: Landscape conservation cooperatives Chapter 21: Environmental conflict (II) Answering the public top questions about natural resource management. (III) Real world examples for the usage of natural resource management in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Natural Resource Management.
What is Resource Management When it comes to organizational studies, resource management refers to the process of developing an organization's resources in a way that is both efficient and effective when those resources are required. The financial resources, inventory, human skills, production resources, in addition to natural resources and information technology (IT), are examples of the types of resources that fall under this category. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Resource management Chapter 2: Business Chapter 3: State-owned enterprise Chapter 4: Corporate governance Chapter 5: Resource allocation Chapter 6: Program management Chapter 7: State ownership Chapter 8: Economic system Chapter 9: Stakeholder (corporate) Chapter 10: Corporate transparency Chapter 11: Social peer-to-peer processes Chapter 12: Project portfolio management Chapter 13: Project management office Chapter 14: Economic planning Chapter 15: Natural resource management Chapter 16: Resource leveling Chapter 17: Resource Chapter 18: Strategic alignment Chapter 19: Natural resource Chapter 20: Voluntary disclosure Chapter 21: Spider Project (II) Answering the public top questions about resource management. (III) Real world examples for the usage of resource management in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Resource Management.
The extractive industries (EI) sector occupies an outsize space in the economies of many developing countries. Policy makers, economists, and public finance professionals working in such countries are frequently confronted with issues that require an in-depth understanding of the sector, its economics, governance, and policy challenges, as well as the implications of natural resource wealth for fiscal and public financial management. The objective of the two-volume Essentials for Economists, Public Finance Professionals, and Policy Makers, published in the World Bank Studies series, is to provide a concise overview of the EI-related topics these professionals are likely to encounter. This second volume, Fiscal Management in Resource-Rich Countries, addresses critical fiscal challenges typically associated with large revenue flows from the EI sector. The volume discusses fiscal policy across four related dimensions: short-run stabilization, the management of fiscal risks and vulnerabilities, the promotion of long-term sustainability, and the importance of good public financial management and public investment management systems. The volume subsequently examines several institutional mechanisms used to aid fiscal management, including medium-term expenditure frameworks, resource funds, fiscal rules, and fiscal councils. The volume also discusses the earmarking of revenue, resource revenue projections as applied to the government budget, and fiscal transparency, and outlines several fiscal indicators used to assess the fiscal stance of resource-rich countries. The authors hope that economists, public finance professionals, and policy makers working in resource-rich countries—including decision makers in ministries of finance, international organizations, and other relevant entities—will find the volume useful to their understanding and analysis of fiscal management in resource-rich countries.