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This book provides a practical guide to the design and implementation of health information systems in developing countries. Noting that most existing systems fail to deliver timely, reliable, and relevant information, the book responds to the urgent need to restructure systems and make them work as both a resource for routine decisions and a powerful tool for improving health services. With this need in mind, the authors draw on their extensive personal experiences to map out strategies, pinpoint common pitfalls, and guide readers through a host of conceptual and technical options. Information needs at all levels - from patient care to management of the national health system - are considered in this comprehensive guide. Recommended lines of action are specific to conditions seen in government-managed health systems in the developing world. In view of common constraints on time and resources, the book concentrates on strategies that do not require large resources, highly trained staff, or complex equipment. Throughout the book, case studies and numerous practical examples are used to explore problems and illustrate solutions. Details range from a list of weaknesses that plague most existing systems, through advice on when to introduce computers and how to choose appropriate software and hardware, to the hotly debated question of whether patient records should be kept by the patient or filed at the health unit. The book has fourteen chapters presented in four parts. Chapters in the first part, on information for decision-making, explain the potential role of health information as a managerial tool, consider the reasons why this potential is rarely realized, and propose general approaches for reform which have proved successful in several developing countries. Presentation of a six-step procedure for restructuring information systems, closely linked to an organizational model of health services, is followed by a practical discussion of the decision-making process. Reasons for the failure of most health information to influence decisions are also critically assessed. Against this background, the second and most extensive part provides a step-by-step guide to the restructuring of information systems aimed at improving the quality and relevance of data and ensuring their better use in planning and management. Steps covered include the identification of information needs and indicators, assessment of the existing system, and the collection of both routine and non-routine data using recommended procedures and instruments. Chapters also offer advice on procedures for data transmission and processing, and discuss the requirements of systems designed to collect population-based community information. Resource needs and technical tools are addressed in part three. A comprehensive overview of the resource base - from staff and training to the purchase and maintenance of equipment - is followed by chapters offering advice on the introduction of computerized systems in developing countries, and explaining the many applications of geographic information systems. Practical advice on how to restructure a health information system is provided in the final part, which considers how different interest groups can influence the design and implementation of a new system, and proposes various design options for overcoming specific problems. Experiences from several developing countries are used to illustrate strategies and designs in terms of those almost certain to fail and those that have the greatest chances of success
Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help healthcare and public health organizations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. It can provide information about equity in the distribution of costs and effects - who gains, who loses, and by how much - and the trade-offs that sometimes occur between equity and efficiency. This is a practical guide to methods for quantifying the equity impacts of health programmes in high, middle, and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored to analyse different equity concerns in different decision making contexts. The handbook provides both hands-on training for postgraduate students and analysts and an accessible guide for academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers, and stakeholders. Part I is an introduction and overview for research commissioners, users, and producers. Parts II and III provide step-by-step guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying spreadsheet training exercises. Part IV concludes with discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this growing field. Book jacket.
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, concerned citizens can change Africa. Indeed it is the only thing that would. Observing the impact that the right people in leadership positions, people who wholly subscribe to servant leadership rather than self-serving leadership has been a great source of inspiration. I experienced first-hand how a few good people have come together and brought positive transformation to businesses, creating excellent shareholder value, money for the community, and income for the employees and government. I am convinced that finding the right leaders in communities, societies, companies, and countries is the fundamental difference between prosperity and poverty. It s the difference between greatness and mediocrity, and the difference between successful and failed states. By making different choices in leadership and putting the right people in the right places, we can lead this continent to achieve its full and glorious potential for the next generation not the next election! This is now a leadership call to action! About the Author: Norman Moyo is the Chief Executive Officer of Helios Tanzania. Born in 1973 in Zimbabwe, Norman has extensive experience in the FMCG, particularly telecommunications industry spanning more than 13 years. He started his career working for Standard Chartered Bank in 1996 and immediately joined the telecommunications industry at the onset of the GSM industry working for Econet Wireless in Zimbabwe in 1998. He later re-joined the telecommunications industry as Commercial Director in Zambia with Celtel International, a Pan African group with operations in 15 African countries in 2004. He primarily focused on business re-engineering, brand equity, segmentation, product development, m-commerce, distribution, and Enterprise Segment management. In 2011 Norman was nominated to the prestigious GTB global top 40 world telecom leaders under 40 years as a result of his work in Nigeria. He holds and Honours Degree in Economics, an MBA from the University of Zimbabwe and London Business school training. His values are legacy, integrity, lifelong learning, work and profit. He is also a keen golfer. Endorsement: This is a must-read for leaders who are seeking meaningful insights into doing business in Africa. The stories and case studies reveal Norman Moyo s deep practical experience, and also link to established management theory and frameworks. Professor Jamie Anderson Lorange Institute (Switzerland) & London Business School (United Kingdom). Named as Management Guru by the Financial Times When it comes to insights as to how good leadership transforms lives, Norman speaks his mind and heart with clear, candid and brutal honesty. He presents a unique and fresh Pan African perspective to the effect of leadership at both corporate and national level. If there is one thing that will be a catalyst for a renaissance in Africa, it is leadership. Tito Alai Chief Commercial Officer, Celtel International Founder Mimi Africa
This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. The Colonial Medical Service was the personnel section of the Colonial Service, employing the doctors who tended to the health of both the colonial staff and the local populations of the British Empire. Although the Service represented the pinnacle of an elite government agency, its reach in practice stretched far beyond the state, with the members of the African service collaborating, formally and informally, with a range of other non-governmental groups. This collection of essays on the Colonial Medical Service of Africa illustrates the diversity and active collaborations to be found in the untidy reality of government medical provision. The authors present important case studies covering former British colonial dependencies in Africa, including Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Zanzibar. They reveal many new insights into the enactments of colonial policy and the ways in which colonial doctors negotiated the day-to-day reality during the height of imperial rule in Africa. The book provides essential reading for scholars and students of colonial history, medical history and colonial administration.
Using the political and medical history of Malawi as a fundamental example, Luke Messac explains relationship between a nation's political history and its approaches to health care.
The Manual for participants is also available separately (ISBN 9241546875)
Using an easily accessible, highly templated format, Clinical Cases in Tropical Medicine, 2nd Edition, provides more than 100 realistic scenarios for tropical infectious diseases. Full-color photographs and maps, a convenient question-and-answer presentation, and succinct summary boxes help you identify and understand the tropical diseases you’re likely to encounter. This up-to-date 2nd Edition is an excellent resource and study tool for infectious diseases fellows, doctors preparing for exams in tropical medicine, primary care doctors with patients who are global travelers, and global health nurses and practitioners alike. Offers realistic scenarios for encountering patients in rural, resource-poor settings, presenting cases as "unknowns," just as in a real clinic or emergency situation. Covers newly emerging diseases such as Zika virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), and knowlesi malaria. Features topics in migrant medicine of particular importance to clinicians in non-tropical countries, including louse-borne-relapsing fever, spinal brucellosis, and hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly. Includes "classic" tropical diseases such as African trypanosomiasis, chagas, leprosy, and yaws. Reflects the use of novel diagnostics used in resource-poor settings, as well as developing drug resistance in relevant cases. Provides a useful index and map that organize cases geographically, for a targeted approach to study. Serves as a companion to Manson's Tropical Diseases, with a reading list at the end of each case referring to the corresponding chapter in the larger text.