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Updated edition, covering Brexit, Trump, Xi’s ambitions for China, and the geopolitical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic Everything Australia wants to achieve as a country depends on its capacity to understand the world outside and to respond effectively to it. In Fear of Abandonment, expert and insider Allan Gyngell tells the story of how Australia has shaped the world and been shaped by it since it established an independent foreign policy during the dangerous days of 1942. Gyngell argues that the fear of being abandoned – originally by Britain, and later by our most powerful ally, the United States – has been an important driver of how Australia acts in the world. Covering everything from the White Australia policy to the South China sea dispute, this is a gripping and authoritative account of the way Australians and their governments have helped create the world we now inhabit in the twenty-first century. In revealing the history of Australian foreign affairs, it lays the foundation for how it should change. Today Australia confronts a more difficult set of international challenges than any we have faced since 1942 – this new edition brings the story up to date. Allan Gyngell is National President of the Australian Institute of International Affairs and an honorary professor at the Australian National University. His long career in Australian international relations included appointments as director-general of the Office of National Assessments and founding executive director of the Lowy Institute. He worked as a diplomat, policy officer and analyst in several government departments and as international adviser to Paul Keating. He is the co-author of Making Australian Foreign Policy and the author of Fear of Abandonment.
This book examines the impact of Australian public opinion towards defence and foreign policy from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. For most of this period, the public showed little interest in defence and security policy and possessed limited knowledge about the strategic options available. The principal post-war exception to this pattern is, of course, the Vietnam War, when political divisions over Australia’s support for the U.S.-led action eventually resulted in the withdrawal of troops in 1972. The period since 2001 has seen a fundamental change both in the public’s views of defence and foreign affairs, and in how these issues are debated by political elites. This has come about as a result of major changes in the strategic environment such as a heightened public awareness of terrorism, party political divisions over Australia’s military commitment to the 2003-11 Iraq War and the increasing overlap of economic and trade considerations with defence and foreign policies, which has increased the public’s interest in these issues. Combining the expertise of one of Australia's foremost scholars of public opinion with that of an expert of international relations, particularly as pertains to Australia in Asia, this book will be a critical read for those wishing to understand Australia's alliance with the U.S., interactions with Asia and China, and the distinctive challenges posed to Australia by its geographic position.
This foreign policy analysis textbook is written especially for students studying to become national security professionals. It translates academic knowledge about the complex influences on American foreign policymaking into an intuitive, cohesive, and practical set of analytic tools. The focus here is not theory for the sake of theory, but rather to translate theory into practice. Classic paradigms are adapted to fit the changing realities of the contemporary national security environment. For example, the growing centrality of the White House is seen in the 'palace politics' of the president's inner circle, and the growth of the national security apparatus introduces new dimensions to organizational processes and subordinate levels of bureaucratic politics. Real-world case studies are used throughout to allow students to apply theory. These comprise recent events that draw impartially across partisan lines and encompass a variety of diplomatic, military, and economic and trade issues.
Based on extensive research of Australian media coverage, public opinion, interest groups as well as in-depth interviews with current and former diplomats and politicians, this book provides a unique insight into the policy making process in regards to one of the world’s most enduring and volatile dilemmas. Making Australian Foreign Policy on Israel-Palestine is a must read for anyone concerned about how social forces influence policy making and the impact this has on Australia's response to world affairs. Islamic Studies Series - Volume 13
The emphasis of Australian Foreign Policy: Controversies and Debates is to expose and examine the core debates and multiple dilemmas that define foreign policy in Australia. Each chapter is made up on an introduction and a debate which encourages critical understanding of the multiple influences on the formulation, implementation and transformation of Australian foreign policy. This format weighs the pros and cons of various controversial interpretations of major events related to foreign policy in the 21st century. Key bilateral relationships, including China, Indonesia and the US, are investigated and contemporary issues such as human rights, transnational terrorism, international environmental issues, human security and economic globalisation are featured. Key features; Discussion questions at the end of each chapter encourage readers to critically evaluate the debates. Coverage of contemporary issues such as Australia's relationships with China and Indonesia, asylum seekers and climate change - will engage readers. Boxes throughout the text - explain key definitions and documents, and emphasise extra information and materials. This book is the recipient of the Australian Institute of International Affairs' publication support grant.
Australia has always been reliant on 'great and powerful friends' for its sense of national security and for direction on its foreign policy—first on the British Empire and now on the United States. Australia has actively pursued a policy of strategic dependence, believing that making a grand bargain with a powerful ally was the best policy to ensure its security and prosperity. Dangerous Allies examines Australia's history of strategic dependence and questions the continuation of this position. It argues that international circumstances, in the world and in the Western Pacific especially, now make such a policy highly questionable. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States has also changed dramatically, making it less relevant to Australia and a less appropriate ally on which Australia should rely. Malcolm Fraser argues that Australia should adopt a much greater degree of independence in foreign policy, and that we should no longer merely follow other nations into wars of no direct interest to Australia or Australia's security. He argues for an end to strategic dependence and for the timely establishment of a truly independent Australia.
The World has changed greatly for Australia since the mid-1980s. The threat of nuclear war between the superpowers has passed into history. The UN's role in international security is changing. Economic activity is increasingly globalised. International financial markets determine economic development. Australia in International Politics shows how this nation has responded to these changes. It explores the way Labor and Coalition governments answer the traditional foreign policy questions. It analyses the policies adopted to deal with new questions of foreign policy. It explains why economics now comes first in Australia's foreign policy; provides extensive coverage of initiatives including APEC, ASEM, the Cairns Group and the Uruguay Round; describes the role of international organisations including the WTO, World Bank and IMF. It deals with contemporary issues such as the Asian economic crisis, Australia's contribution to peacekeeping initiatives, its role at the Kyoto conference on climate change, and its participation in the Iraq/US contest.
Island offthe Coast of Asia: Instruments of Statecraft in Australian Foreign Policy is an unprecedented 230-yearAustralian study that reveals the central role of economic actors in definingand pursuing the 'national interest'. Australia's search for security hasmeant much more than protection from military invasion. It includes the securityof economic interests, and the pursuit of a political order that secures them.This view of security has deep roots in Australia's geopoliticaltradition. Australia began its existence on the winning side of aworldwide confrontation between imperial powers and the rest of the world. Thebook shows that the 'organising principle' of Australian foreign policy is tostay on the winning side of the global contest. Australia has pursued thisprinciple in war and peace, using the full arsenal of diplomacy, law,investment, research, negotiations, military force and espionage. This bookuses many decades of secret files to reveal the inner workings of high-levelpolicy. 'This deeply researchedand penetrating study of Australian foreign policy from the earliest days - withscrupulous use of secret files and close analysis of historical events - demonstratesconvincingly that its essential continuity is rooted in the power and interestsof the private sector, where fundamental economic decisions are made. Thosedemands determine the 'national interest' and the goal of securing a politicalorder that responds to them. A very valuable and instructive exercise inauthentic realism, with lessons that generalize broadly.' -- Noam Chomsky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and theUniversity of Arizona
The Australian aid program faces a fundamental dilemma: how, in the absence of deep popular support, should it generate the political legitimacy required to safeguard its budget and administering institution? Australia’s Foreign Aid Dilemma tells the story of the actors who have grappled with this question over 40 years. It draws on extensive interviews and archival material to uncover how 'court politics' shapes both aid policy and administration. The lesson for scholars and practitioners is that any holistic understanding of the development enterprise must account for the complex relationship between the aid program of individual governments and the domestic political and bureaucratic contexts in which it is embedded. If the way funding is administered shapes development outcomes, then understanding the 'court politics' of aid matters. This comprehensive text will be of considerable interest to scholars and students of politics and foreign policy as well as development professionals in Australia and across the world.