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The Majapahit empire (13th to 16th century) was based in the contemporary regency of Mojokerta, East Java, Indonesia. Majapahit reached its peak during the reign of Rajasanagara, popularly known as Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389). Some of the brick structures of the ancient city, including gateways, temples and pools, can be still be seen today around the village of Trowulan in Mojokerto, reflecting the architecture that once defined the place. Besides stone statues and inscriptions, this mighty kingdom also left testimonies of everyday life in the form of terracotta artifacts. Not much is known about these artifacts, and what is known is complicated by the many fakes and replicas found in the antique markets. Some of them are in the shapes of humans, animals and mythological creatures. Their functions were diverse, ranging from architectural elements to garden furniture and household utensils. Majapahit Terracotta is a guide for collectors of Majapahit terracotta, to enable them to better distinguish authentic pieces from fakes or replicas. It will provide readers with insight into the exciting variety of this little known art form, drawing upon selected items in the collection which the author has carefully assembled over the past thirty years.
- Fabulous terracotta sculptures from an almost forgotten kingdom in South-East Asia - Author Agus Aris Munandar explores the artwork and culture of the Majapahit - The first study of Majapahit terracottas in English Flourishing in East Java, Indonesia, between the late 13th and the early 16th centuries, art from Majapahit had a decisive influence on the development of Southeast Asian culture: its highly distinctive style was characterized by the subtle balance between form and decoration and by a rich iconography strongly influenced by Sivaism and Buddhism. Today, these Majapahit artworks still constitute a highly interesting field of research, but they have been surprisingly far too little studied or published worldwide. This volume presents an exceptional selection of 86 Majapahit terracotta sculptures covering a wide range of sophisticated iconography--animals, images of motherhood, divinities--all drawn from popular legends of the period and part of a broader narrative series waiting to be discovered.
This volume offers a baseline of information on what is known of earthenware across Southeast Asia and aims to provide new understandings of subjects including the origins of the prehistoric tripod vessels of the Malayan Peninsula and the role of earthenware from a kiln site in southern Thailand.
The mention of Buddhism in Indonesia calls to mind for many people the Central Javanese monument of Borobudur, one of the largest Buddhist monuments in the world and the subject of extensive scholarly scrutiny. The neglect of scholarship on Buddhist art from later periods might lead one to assume that after the tenth century Buddhism had been completely eclipsed by the predominantly Hindu Eastern Javanese dynasties. Yet, as the works discussed here illustrate, extraordinary Buddhist images were still being produced as late as the fourteenth century. Violence and Serenity offers a close examination of some of the impressive works from East Java and Sumatra and explores their political and religious roles. The number of clearly identifiable Buddhist works from the Singasari and Majapahit dynasties (1222–ca. 1520) is limited, yet existing examples are impressive. They demonstrate a remarkable level of craftsmanship and are exceptionally expressive, exhibiting a range of emotions from the ferocious to the serene. Following a brief discussion of the early history of Buddhism in Indonesia, Natasha Reichle focuses each chapter on a specific statue or group of statues and considers the larger issues evoked by the images. Through a rarely examined depiction of the last Singasari king, she explores the nature of religion in Java in the late thirteenth century and what we know about tantric practices and the syncretism of Hinduism and Buddhism. She reassesses the question of portraiture in ancient Javanese art while contemplating the famous Prajñāpāramitā from Singasari. Notions of kingship are discussed in light of a number of statues depicting the Buddhist deity Amoghapāśa and his attendants and the meanings of the Amoghapāśa maṇḍala. The final chapter examines the origins and significance of one of Indonesia’s most spectacular sculptures, a four-meter-high Buddhist bhairava (demon) discovered in West Sumatra.
Zusammenfassung: This is an open access book. Research and teaching activities in the fields of language, literature and culture are still being carried out even during the Covid -19 era that hit the world. It is undeniable that the results of research and learning of language, literature and culture at this time were a bit hindered because most activities were carried out from home. During the Covid-19 period, which started in early 2020, practically more activities were done at home. Likewise, institutions during the Covid-19 era were carried out online. For example, the Language Agency continues to carry out activities, but it is carried out online, such as online webinars that contribute to the wider community in accordance with the duties and functions of the Language Agency, carried out using a hybrid method or completely online. Various events are packaged creatively and innovatively to produce a new spirit in speaking. Research and teaching of language, literature and culture during the Covid-19 period resulted in many amazing innovations and creativity in line with technological developments. Covid-19 has inspired many in research on language, literature and culture. In the field of language, you can see research on the language used in Covid-19, such as said cases of suspected respiratory tract infection, ODP (People Under Monitoring), confirmed cases (a person who is late known to be infected with Covid-19, etc. That's the content -Content on YouTube about the use of language is a hot object of research to research. In terms of culture, the Government is making various efforts to break the chain of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in a massive and systematic manner. Covid-19 is not only a deadly virus, but has a domino effect that is also terrible. One of the policies used by the government in preventing and controlling the spread of Covid-19 is implementing the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB)policy As an investment, culture also requires strategies and enablers so that it is able to achieve the target of the happiness and welfare of the Indonesian people. This strategy is implemented through providing for a diversity of cultural expressions, developing cultural practices, utilizing cultural promotion objects, accelerating institutional reform, and increasing the government's role as a facilitator. Teaching issues, especially teaching methods of language, literature and culture, need to be highlighted in terms of IT-based innovation and creativity after Covid-19. How especially teaching methods in applying the material. Research on learning methods has also been carried out a lot, especially methods that focus on students entering the new normal era or the new era after Covid-19 with innovative research and learning of language, literature and culture. It is interesting to reveal a major event, namely the 3rd International Conference on Linguistics and Cultural Studies sponsored by the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar