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The interface between the immune and nervous systems is an increasingly important area of scientific research. This book is an up-to-date review of research conducted on the main cell of the immune system (macrophage) and its relationship with neuronal cells.
with contributions by numerous experts
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Degeneration and Regeneration in the Nervous System brings together an international team of contributors to produce a series of critical reviews appraising key papers in the field. The pace of research on brain and spinal cord injury quickened considerably in the last ten years and there is much that is new and important that is covered in this book. However, there is still a long way to go before our knowledge will explain fully why the central nervous system has such a limited capacity for regeneration, and before experimental solutions can be applied to the patient. With emphasis on actual and therapeutic importance of the work reviewed, Degeneration and Regeneration in the Nervous System is a useful overview for graduate students, their teachers and researchers working in this field.
Edited and authored by top names in the field, this book provides a succinct reference on inflammatory central nervous system disease. It focuses on current areas of investigation in the fields of neuroimmunology, virology, pharmacology, and disease. Sections focus on specific categories of diseases, examining the pharmacological, virological, and immunological effects of and on the disease. This book’s unique organization provides a concise overview of inflammatory CNS disease.
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. - Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop - Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors - All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship - Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells
Nerve Repair is a historically-based, translational review of the clinical and basic science relevant to nerve repair and regeneration. Essential reading for a wide range of professionals - it summarizes pertinent research for the clinician, and the clinical aspects of nerve repair for the scientist.
Catheter ablation is widely accepted as an effective and safe form of therapy for cardiac arrhythmia. In many instances this curative procedure is considered as the first line of therapy if not the ultimate treatment of choice. With the use of radiofrequency (RF) modality; which has revolutionized the technology from a barotraumatic, potentially injurious procedure using high voltage, direct-current (DC) shock to a safe and relatively painless one; catheter ablation procedure now carries a very low risk and is extremely effective for certain types of arrhythmia. Its efficacy rate in curing supraventricular tachycardia involving an accessory pathway or dual atrioventricular nodal pathways has been near perfect and its application for certain types of atrial and ventricular arrhythmia have also been very satisfactory. However, conventional RF ablation has several well known limitations, most notably is its ability to only produce relatively small, point lesions; rendering it effective only for an arrhythmia with a small and/or a superficial target. It was soon recognized that the technology would not likely to have significant utility in arrhythmia with a more widespread target such as atrial fibrillation or those which involve scarred and deep myocardial tissue such as ventricular tachycardia. Indeed, the application of conventional RF technology in these complex but common arrhythmia has yielded unsatisfactory results.
Following an exhaustive literature review on the global issue of intracerebral presentation of antigen, this monograph summarizes results from voluminous work to establish which indigenous cerebral cells might present (auto)antigen to the immune system and thus initiate an (auto)immune reaction. Employing the combination of (a) a lesion model in which neuronal degeneration and neuronophagia are caused without disruption of the blood--brain barrier, (b) stable labeling of the neuronophages via phagocytosis of the permanent nontoxic fluorescent marker Fluoro-Gold from preloaded neurons, and (c) immunocytochemical identification of all FG-labeled brain neuronophages, the authors provide evidence that the only cells in the rat CNS which can be regarded as the resident antigen presenting cells of the brain are perivascular cells.
These volumes teach readers to think beyond apoptosis and describes all of the known processes that cells can undergo which result in cell death This two-volume source on how cells dies is the first, comprehensive collection to cover all of the known processes that cells undergo when they die. It is also the only one of its kind to compare these processes. It seeks to enlighten those in the field about these many processes and to stimulate their thinking at looking at these pathways when their research system does not show signs of activation of the classic apoptotic pathway. In addition, it links activities like the molecular biology of one process (eg. Necrosis) to another process (eg. apoptosis) and contrasts those that are close to each. Volume 1 of Apoptosis and Beyond: The Many Ways Cells Die begins with a general view of the cytoplasmic and nuclear features of apoptosis. It then goes on to offer chapters on targeting the cell death mechanism; microbial programmed cell death; autophagy; cell injury, adaptation, and necrosis; necroptosis; ferroptosis; anoikis; pyronecrosis; and more. Volume 2 covers such subjects as phenoptosis; pyroptosis; hematopoiesis and eryptosis; cyclophilin d-dependent necrosis; and the role of phospholipase in cell death. Covers all known processes that dying cells undergo Provides extensive coverage of a topic not fully covered before Offers chapters written by top researchers in the field Provides activities that link and contrast processes to each other Apoptosis and Beyond: The Many Ways Cells Die will appeal to students and researchers/clinicians in cell biology, molecular biology, oncology, and tumor biology.