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A conservative approach to economic growth has dominated policy circles for close to two decades. This approach holds that the key to restoring economic growth lies in reducing the size and role of government in the market economy through deregulation of the financial sector, privatization, and lower taxes. The contributors to this book argue that the principles of "trickle down" economics are of dubious validity, and have led to economic stagnation, high unemployment, and increasing inequality. They develop a new perspective on macroeconomic policy, one affirming that egalitarian and democratic economic structures are not only compatible with economic revival, but in fact offer the best hope for sustainable growth of living standards. Their alternative recognizes that markets have an important role to play, but only within the framework of macroeconomic stability, corrections of market failures, and egalitarian rules of the game.
Again and again, Latin America has seen the populist scenario played to an unfortunate end. Upon gaining power, populist governments attempt to revive the economy through massive spending. After an initial recovery, inflation reemerges and the government responds with wage an price controls. Shortages, overvaluation, burgeoning deficits, and capital flight soon precipitate economic crisis, with a subsequent collapse of the populist regime. The lessons of this experience are especially valuable for countries in Eastern Europe, as they face major political and economic decisions. Economists and political scientists from the United States and Latin America detail in this volume how and why such programs go wrong and what leads policymakers to repeatedly adopt these policies despite a history of failure. Authors examine this pattern in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Peru—and show how Colombia managed to avoid it. Despite differences in how each country implemented its policies, the macroeconomic consequences were remarkably similar. Scholars of Latin America will find this work a valuable resource, offering a distinctive macroeconomic perspective on the continuing controversy over the dynamics of populism.
Covering the period from Ted Heath's assumption of the leadership of the Conservative Party through to the early years of the Coalition, this volume provides a detailed analysis of the Tory Party's Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Policy-Making over the past 50 years providing an historical context for the political and economic events of today.
Covers trends from 1957 to 1995.
This note explores how the economic thinking about macroeconomic management has evolved since the crisis began. It discusses developments in monetary policy, including unconventional measures; the challenges associated with increased public debt; and the policy potential, risks, and institutional challenges associated with new macroprudential measures. Rationale: The note contributes to the ongoing debate on several aspects of macroeconomic policy. It follows up on the earlier “Rethinking” paper, refining the analysis in light of the events of the past two years. Given the relatively fluid state of the debate (e.g., recent challenges to central bank independence), it is useful to highlight that while many of the tenets of the pre-crisis consensus have been challenged, others (such as the desirability of central bank independence) remain valid.
This well-documented book will prove to be the essential guide for researchers and graduate students in macroeconomics and political economy. It will also prove inspiring to a wider audience interested in modern Keynesian macroeconomics.
This book represents the second of three volumes offering a complete reinterpretation and restructuring of Keynesian macroeconomics and a detailed investigation of the disequilibrium adjustment processes characterizing the financial, the goods and the labour markets and their interaction. In this second volume the authors present a detailed analysis and comparison of two competing types of approaches to Keynesian macroeconomics, one that integrates goods, labour and financial markets, and another from the perspective of a conventional type of LM-analysis or interest-rate policy of the central bank. The authors employ rigorous dynamic macro-models of a descriptive and applicable nature, which will be of interest to all macroeconomists who use formal model-building in their investigations. The research in this book with its focus on Keynesian propagation mechanisms provides a unique alternative to the black-box shock-absorber approaches that dominate modern macroeconomics. The main conclusion of the work is that policy makers need to reconsider Keynesian ideas, but in the modern form in which they are expressed in this volume. Reconstructing Keynesian Macroeconomics will be of interest to students and researchers who want to look at alternatives to the mainstream macrodynamics that emerged from the Monetarist critique of Keynesianism. This book will also engage central bankers and macroeconomic policy makers.
This lively introduction to heterodox economics provides a balanced critique of the standard introductory macroeconomic curriculum. In clear and accessible prose, it explains many of the key principles that underlie a variety of alternative theoretical perspectives (including institutionalist economics, radical economics, Post Keynesian economics, feminist economics, ecological economics, Marxist economics, social economics, and socioeconomics). Because the book's structure parallels the chapters and subject matter presented in a typical introductory macroeconomics textbook, "Reintroducing Macroeconomics" provides readers with a running commentary on the standard approach, while simultaneously introducing them to a broader range of ideas about the causes and appropriate policy responses to a wide range of common economic problems. Although designed primarily as a companion volume for students in introductory economics courses, the book can also be used effectively for more targeted applications that highlight a particular economic issue or approach. It will be of particular interest to students in related disciplines (such as American Studies, anthropology, black studies, environmental studies, gender studies, history, political science, and sociology) who may be required to take introductory economics classes and who are interested in gaining an alternative perspective. By demonstrating the vitality and common ground underlying a broad spectrum of heterodox approaches, "Reintroducing Macroeconomics" brings alternative perspectives into the classroom in an accessible way that empowers students to think about the economy in new and exciting ways. The text includes end-of-chapter study questions, as well as a detailed note to instructors.
Growth, Distribution, and Effective Demand presents original essays on a variety of topics in theoretical and applied economics. The book honors the work of Edward J. Nell and develops interconnected themes that run through the modern Post-Keynesian tradition. The first part deals with the fundamental idea that economic growth is demand-driven, with special attention to policy ramifications. The second theme concerns the connection between economic growth and the structural characteristics of a market economy. These issues are closely linked to a critical tradition that calls into question key elements in orthodox economics. The final part of the book aims to buttress non-orthodox approaches to growth and distribution by critiquing particular aspects of the conventional theory, by elaborating neglected themes in non-orthodox theory, or by exploring some overlooked methodological ideas.
In the first part of the book, Eckhard Hein presents a comprehensive overview of the main approaches towards distribution and growth including the contributions of Harrod and Domar, old and new neoclassical theories including the fundamental capital co