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Luxembourg finance companies must now comply with the requirements of a new transfer pricing circular: the risk management function is of crucial importance for such companies.
Luxembourg finance companies must now comply with the requirements of a new transfer pricing circular: the risk management function is of crucial importance for such companies.
This book explores transfer pricing issues related to intra-group financing transactions. It is an invaluable resource for tax practitioners, tax lawyers, tax managers, tax directors of corporations, treasurers and tax authorities, in all facets of transfer pricing and intra-group financing.
Over the last decades, Luxembourg has developed and cemented its position as a prime holding location and a major financial centre within Europe. Multinational enterprises and international investors alike use Luxembourg as a platform to manage their business activities and investments. 0Luxembourg companies may enter into diverse commercial and financial transactions with associated enterprises. The prices charged in regard to these controlled transactions are called transfer prices. For Luxembourg tax purposes, these prices have to adhere to the "arm?s length principle".0The arm?s length principle is the international transfer pricing standard that OECD member countries have agreed should be used for tax purposes by MNE groups and tax administrations. 0The arm?s length principle is firmly ingrained in Luxembourg tax law and has been explicitly stated in article 56 of the Luxembourg Income Tax Law (LITL). In addition, several concepts and provisions under Luxembourg tax law require the arm?s length standard to be respected by Luxembourg companies. 0In 2020, a new chapter X has been added to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines that provides guidance on transfer pricing aspects of financial transactions which are a common phenomenon in Luxembourg. 0On 18 December 2020, the OECD further provided guidance on the application of the arm?s length principle and the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines to issues that may arise or be exacerbated in the context of the so-called COVID-19 pandemic and the financial turmoil resulting from government responses thereto.0This book analyses all facets of Luxembourg transfer pricing rules and relevant guidance in the 2020 version of the OECD Guidelines.
For corporate managers, maximization of the profits and the market value of the firm is a prime objective. The logical working out of this principle in multinational enterprises has led to an intense focus on transfer pricing between related companies, principally on account of the very attractive tax advantages made possible. Inevitably, numerous countries have established transfer pricing legislation designed to combat the distortions and manipulations that are inherent in such transactions. This important book, one of the first in-depth analysis of the current worldwide working of transfer pricing in intra-group financing and its resonance in law, presents the relevant issues related to loans, financial guarantees, and cash pooling; analyses an innovative possible approach to these issues; and describes new methodologies that can be implemented in practice in order to make intra-group financing more compliant with efficient corporate financing decisions and the generally accepted OECD arm’s length principle. Comparing the tax measures implemented in the corporate tax law systems of forty countries, this study investigates such aspects of intra-group financing as the following: – corporate finance theories, studies, and surveys regarding financing decisions; – application of the arm’s length principle to limit the deductibility of interest expenses; – impact of the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project; – transfer pricing issues related to intra-group financing; – credit risk in corporate finance; – rationales utilized by credit rating agencies; and – the assessment of arm’s length nature of intra-group financing. The author describes ways in which the application of the arm’s length principle can be strengthened and how the related risk of distortion and manipulation can be minimized. The solutions and methodologies proposed are applicable to any business sector. Given that determination of the arm’s length nature of transactions between related companies is one of the most difficult tasks currently faced by taxpayers and tax administrations around the world, this thorough assessment and analysis will prove extraordinarily useful for in-house and advisory practitioners, corporate officers, academics, international organizations, and government officials charged with finding effective responses to the serious issues raised. In addition to its well-researched analysis, the book’s comparative overview of how loans, financial guarantees, and cash pooling are currently addressed by OECD Member States and by their national courts is of great practical value in business decision making.
This article analyses recent Luxembourg guidance on the tax treatment of companies carrying out intragroup financing activities.
In recent years, the interpretation and implementation of transfer pricing regulations of intra-group transactions involving financing functions increased exponentially as one of the main priorities of both taxpayers and governments. This topic has also attracted the attention of international organizations since 1972, whereby an extensive guidance has been rendered by the OECD in the Transfer Pricing Guidance on Financial Transactions that became Chapter X of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines in February 2020. Not long after, the United Nations included these topics in Chapter 9 of its Practical Manual for Developing Countries in 2021. This book’s comprehensive approach to the practical application of transfer pricing rules to specific types of financing transactions ensures an in-depth understanding of the taxation of these transactions between related parties. Chapters contributed by renowned academics and practitioners based also on the work of international organizations elucidate the complex interaction between transfer pricing and the following types of intra-group financial transactions: loans; financial guarantees; cash pooling; hybrid financing; factoring; captive insurance; and asset management. Each contribution contains a balanced mix of theoretical understanding and practical examples, including case studies and references to key case law. Aware that legal certainty in this area remains unachievable despite the relevant work so far of the OECD and the UN, this book aims to alleviate this deficiency with principle-based and practical knowledge on transfer pricing applied to financial transactions. Tax lawyers, in-house tax counsel, tax authorities, international organizations, business communities, advisory firms, and academics will welcome this matchless overview and guide to one of the most important topics in international taxation.
How to deal with international Transfer Pricing risk? Transfer Pricing has drawn the attention of tax authorities worldwide. New rules, documentation requirements and different interpretation given to the OECD Transfer Pricing guidelines by both tax authorities and multinationals have created ground for many disputes. Major Transfer Pricing issues and concerns International Management Forum (IMF) is happy to announce a new distance learning course on Transfer Pricing. This Transfer Pricing course will focus on major Transfer Pricing issues and concerns that all professionals involved in the complex area of Transfer Pricing will face such as: Business Restructuring and Valuation, Transfer Pricing Legislation and Guidelines, Documentation Requirements per region and per country, Transfer Pricing Project and Risk management, Transfer Pricing (pre-) Controversy Management, Design and Development of a Transfer Pricing Policy, types of Intercompany Transactions, Intellectual Property and Customs. Target group of this Transfer Pricing course This new toplevel distance learning Transfer Pricing course has been designed to provide in depth training for financial, tax and Transfer Pricing professionals who are interested in expanding their knowledge of the theory and practice of Transfer Pricing. The course is relevant for Transfer Pricing managers, (inter)national tax managers and firms, finance directors, treasurers, senior executives with an interest in the latest developments in Transfer Pricing and lawyers and accountants who serve their clients with Transfer Pricing issues and have to guide them in the ever-changing Transfer Pricing environment. Note! Salary surveys among accountants, lawyers and economists reveil that practitioners with advanced Transfer Pricing knowlegde often earn more than twice as much as their counterparts with equivalent education and experience who lack Transfer Pricing expertise. Course materials The course consists of 11 lessons, each of which will require about 4 hours of self-study. Next to the lessons, you will also receive 'The Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations' by OECD. All course participants receive a Certificate of Participation.
The author over the past few years, as a tax practitioner and transfer pricing petitioner has seen things change quite a bit and it is an area that is going to develop even more. In this monograph he will cover loan pricing and provide a full methodology along with examples and introduce the reader to the specificities of several European countries such as Italy, Luxembourg, the Uk or even France regarding loan pricing.Then, in the second part of this monograph M. Hill will focus on how to delineate and analyse transactions involving financial instruments and also tackle the difficulty of having the analysis challenged by the tax authority. Indeed, your concern as a practitioner should of course regard having the documentation that proves the transaction is actually comparable and provide reliable data, but you should also ask yourself the following question: "Does the tax authority have the ability to actually understand and replicate my analysis?".
The new 4th Edition of Practical Guide to U.S. Transfer Pricing continues to be the authoritative legal treatise for tax counsel, tax authorities, the judiciary, and policy makers. The 4th Edition is fully revised with several new chapters, over 2,000 pages of analyses and practice notes, 47 chapters divided over six parts. Part I: U.S. regulatory analysis, application of transfer pricing methods, and jurisprudence; Part II: OECD; Part III: United Nations; Part IV: European Union; Part V: Industry topics; and Part VI: Country practice and tax risk management.Professor Byrnes brings together 50 of the industry's eminent transfer pricing counsel, economists, and financial accountants to provide a comprehensive two-volume "go-to" resource for tax risk management.Within the first 29 chapters, the U.S. Treasury regulations and jurisprudence are analyzed from an advisory perspective, including chapters on the transfer pricing methods, documentation and examination, advance pricing agreements and mutual assistance, litigation, state issues, and customs. A chapter is dedicated to analyzing the transfer pricing aspects of each step of a U.S. business restructuring.The next six chapters of Part II address the OECD's approach to transfer pricing because many OECD member as well as nonmember countries refer to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines as authoritative or persuasive. The U.S. Treasury refers to the OECD Guidelines for purposes of mutual agreement procedures between competent authorities of treaty partners. These chapters include an exemplary application of value chain analysis, digitalization's impact on transfer pricing compliance, and hybrid rules interaction with transfer pricing.Part III is reserved for future chapters analyzing the UN Transfer Pricing Manual and UN transfer pricing guidance for extractive industries because many subscribers have operations in developing economies. Part VI includes a chapter on the impact of EU State Aid cases on APAs. Part V includes nine industry specific chapters: two risk management chapters, five chapters for financial services topics, and two chapters providing case studies to examine the global value chain of an industry. Part VI contains two country chapters analyzing the national transfer pricing regulations and practice of Brazil and India. Parts II through Part VI will expand each year to include further analysis and case study chapters.