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This is the first English-language book dedicated to Brazilian sand flies and their medical importance. No other country has so many species of these haematophagous insects as Brazil and their diversity has reached an astonishing level. The book contains comprehensive chapters, written by Brazilian experts on their regional distribution, their ecology and their importance as vectors of pathogens and parasites. Methods for sampling, processing and preserving phlebotomines are reviewed as are perspectives on surveillance and leishmaniasis vector control. A novel classification is presented whose aim is to help investigators identify the species that they are working with more efficiently.
Out of the 20 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) prioritized by the World Health Organization, the leishmaniases rank in the top 3 among those caused by protozoa. The purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a comprehensive and updated overview of all the aspects of leishmaniasis with a worldwide perspective – authors of many chapters include eminent scientists from both the Old and New Worlds. The chapters cover a wide range of topics, classically organized into biology and epidemiology, followed by clinical and control aspects. Following an introductory chapter intended to take the reader into the leishmaniasis complexity, a chapter on Leishmania taxonomy reports on the most recent advances in molecular and phylogenetic data. Parasite biology is then described in detail by means of two separate chapters devoted to phlebotomine vectors and reservoir hosts, respectively. The medical part of the book begins with a chapter on basic immunology and immunopathology associated with Leishmania infection, followed by a classical chapter on clinical aspects of different disease entities. The complexity of disease case management is presented by means of 3 chapters, respectively on diagnosis, treatment of visceral forms and treatment of tegumentary forms. Finally, the last chapter deals with the available approaches to control leishmaniasis and related public health issues.
Parasitic Skin Diseases: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Parasitic Skin Diseases in a compact format. The editors have built Parasitic Skin Diseases: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Parasitic Skin Diseases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Parasitic Skin Diseases: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Tropical diseases affect millions of people throughout the world and particularly in the developing countries. The millennium development goals had specifically targeted HIV/AIDS and Malaria for substantial reduction as well as Tuberculosis while many other tropical diseases have been neglected. The new sustainable development goals have not made such distinction and have targeted all diseases for elimination for the improvement of the quality of life of human beings on earth. The present book was developed to provide an update on issues relevant to the treatment of selected tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and ectoparasites such as chiggers which are widely distributed throughout the world. The control of these infections has been hampered by the development of drug resistance and the lack of the development of new and more effective drugs. The understanding of the biochemical processes underlying drug activity is therefore essential for the potential elimination of these infections.
Of all the parasitic diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the most diverse, with a variety of manifestations, from relatively minor cutaneous lesions to deadly visceral infections. It is also widespread, causing human disease in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Africa. The environments in which this disease occurs range from desert to tropical jungle to urban habitats. Not surprisingly, the literature on this disease is written in a variety of languages including Portuguese, Arabic, English and French among others. This book provides a synopsis in English of much of the recent research on leishmaniasis, with a focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of the disease as described by researchers around the world, but with a focus on the research from Brazil and the Middle East.
The viruses of the family Rhabdoviridae have an exceedingly broad host range and are widely distributed throughout the animal and plant king doms. Animal rhabdoviruses infect and often cause disease in insects, fish, and mammals, including man. The prototype rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus !VSV), has been extensively studied and provides perhaps the best model system for studying negative-strand viruses. The popularity of VSV as a model system is to a considerable extent due to its relative simplicity and to its rapid growth, generally to high titer, in many cell types ranging from yeast to human. The nucleocapsids of these viruses also carry transcriptional and replicative functions that are expressed in cell-free systems. The first RNA-dependent RNA poly merase was described in VSV and its G protein provided an early model system for studying the synthesis, processing, and membrane insertion of mammalian glycoproteins. VSV is also highly cytopathogenic and has been studied quite extensively for its capacity to kill cells and to shut off cellular macromolecular synthesis. Even earlier, VSV was discovered to be highly susceptible to the action of interferons and has served ever since as a means for quantitating the activity of interferons. To my way of thinking, the spark that ignited the explosion of re search in this field was struck at the First International Colloquium on Rhabdoviruses, attended by 30 or so participants in Roscoff, France, in June 1972.
Current Topics in Vector Research is based on the premise that to un derstand the whole, one must first understand the component parts and how they interact. Here in Volume 4, as well as in future volumes, vector, pathogen, and host will be treated both individually and as integral parts of multifaceted transmission systems. It is our intention to present up-to date, coherent syntheses of the latest findings in vector research, suggest promising frontiers for future research, and call attention to possible prac tical applications of our present understandings of pathogen-vector-host interactions. To realize our goals, we invite world-renowned, veteran sci entists as well as neophytes to report on their individual areas of expertise. Where appropriate, authors are encouraged to draw conclusions and pro pose hypotheses that stimulate additional thinking and research or oth erwise further our understanding of vector transmission cycles and how such cycles might be interrupted. It is our hope that readers will agree that we are serving these objectives and creating a milieu for specialists and generalists in vector research to maintain rapport and understanding.