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The British architect Sir Edwin Lutyens (1869-1944) designed 140 cemeteries in the countryside of Flanders and Northern France for soldiers killed in the First World War. The cemeteries can be regarded as an imprint, as it were, of the former battlefront on the map of Europe. All are designed to principles established beforehand, including uniform gravestones, a large Stone of Remembrance and a large cross. Yet the difference in size, alignment and provenance make them all unique variations on the themes in question. The most memorable aspects are their meticulously chosen position in the landscape, the varied selection of trees and other greenery and the architecture of the entrance and shelter buildings. This illustrated book charts the history of the designs and exposes the underlying principle of order and variation in the architecture in an exhaustive landscape-architectural analysis. All 140 cemeteries are fully documented with references to the places where they are to be found.
Sir Edwin Lutyens is celebrated for his large houses for wealthy clients, yet much of his work designed in connection with World War I remains unknown. As Chief Architect for the Imperial War Graves Commission, Lutyens’ work — cemeteries, war memorials, and individual graves and monuments — set the standard for the much-admired British and Commonwealth war cemeteries. In addition to the famed Cenotaph in Whitehall and the Memorial to the Missing of the Somme at Thiepval, Lutyens created another 55 memorials. This detailed guide covers them all, including the beautiful memorial at Spalding that has never appeared in any book on Lutyen’s work and the cemeteries at Monchy and Croisilles in France that barely rate a mention in battlefield guides, let alone in books about architecture. Tim Skelton and Gerald Gliddon of the Lutyens Trust describe these moving works and the stories behind them, while 375 color photographs capture their somber beauty.
"Sir Edwin Lutyens is widely regarded as one of Britain's greatest architects. In a career of more than 50 years, spanning both the Victorian and Modern eras, Lutyens was prolific. His work ranged from great country houses, city commercial office buildings, his famous First World War memorials across Europe and Britain, and his magnum opus designs for New Delhi, built during the 1920s and 1930s. Lutyens' most celebrated works remain his magnificent country houses that so frequently adorned the pages of Country Life magazine, and in particular his houses of the period from the 1890s and 1900s. Sir Edwin Lutyens: The Arts & Crafts Houses brings together for the first time in new, wide-format all-colour photography, the definitive collection of over 40 of Lutyens' great houses, in which Lutyens ingeniously blended the style of the Arts and Crafts movement with his own inventive interpretation of the Classical language of architecture. The book features over 500 stunning current photographs, together with floor plans of the houses, and a fresh reinterpretation of Lutyens' enduring architectural genius."--
In 1914 almost one quarter of the earth's surface was British. When the empire and its allies went to war in 1914 against the Central Powers, history's first global conflict was inevitable. It is the social and cultural reactions to that war and within those distant, often overlooked, societies which is the focus of this volume. From Singapore to Australia, Cyprus to Ireland, India to Iraq and around the rest of the British imperial world, further complexities and interlocking themes are addressed, offering new perspectives on imperial and colonial history and theory, as well as art, music, photography, propaganda, education, pacifism, gender, class, race and diplomacy at the end of the pax Britannica.
Edwin Lutyens' Memorial to the Missing of the Somme at Thiepval in Northern France, visited annually by tens of thousands of tourists, is arguably the finest structure erected by any British architect in the twentieth century. It is the principal, tangible expression of the defining event in Britain's experience and memory of the Great War, the first day of the Battle of the Somme on 1 July 1916, and it bears the names of 73,000 soldiers whose bodies were never found at the end of that bloody and futile campaign. This brilliant study by an acclaimed architectural historian tells the origin of the memorial in the context of commemorating the war dead; it considers the giant classical brick arch in architectural terms, and also explores its wider historical significance and its resonances today. So much of the meaning of the twentieth century is concentrated here; the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing casts a shadow into the future, a shadow which extends beyond the dead of the Holocaust, to the Gulag, to the 'disappeared' of South America and of Tianenmen. Reissued in a beautiful and striking new edition for the centenary of the Somme.
Endurance was an inherent part of the First World War. The chapters in this collection explore the concept in New Zealand and Australia. Researchers from a range of backgrounds and disciplines address what it meant for New Zealanders and Australians to endure the First World War, and how the war endured through the Twentieth Century. Soldiers and civilians alike endured hardship, discomfort, fears and anxieties during the war. Officials and organisations faced unprecedented demands on their time and resources, while Maori, Australian Aborigines, Anglo-Indian New Zealanders and children sought their own ways to contribute and be acknowledged. Family-members in Australia and New Zealand endured uncertainty about their loved ones’ fates on distant shores. Once the war ended, different forms of endurance emerged as responses, memories, myths and memorials quickly took shape and influenced the ways in which New Zealanders and Australians understood the conflict. The collection is divided into the themes of Institutional Endurance, Home Front Endurance, Battlefield Endurance, Race and Endurance, and Memorials.
The military toll of World War I is widely known: millions of Britons were mobilised, many thousands killed or wounded, and the landscape of British society changed forever. But how was the conflict experienced by the people of Surrey on the home front? Surrey Heritage's project Surrey in the Great War: A County Remembers has, over the four-year centenary commemoration, explored the wartime stories of Surrey's people and places. The project's discoveries are here captured through text, case studies and images. This book chronicles the mobilisation of Surrey men, the training of foreign troops in the county, objection to military service, defence against invasion, voluntary work and fundraising, the experiences of women and children, shortages, industrial supply to the armed forces and the commemoration of Surrey's dead. Drawing heavily on the rich archives of Surrey Heritage, it is an engaging exploration of a county in the shadow of the first globalised war between industrialised nations.
Jay Winter's powerful 1998 study of the 'collective remembrance' of the Great War offers a major reassessment of one of the critical episodes in the cultural history of the twentieth century. Dr Winter looks anew at the culture of commemoration and the ways in which communities endeavoured to find collective solace after 1918. Taking issue with the prevailing 'modernist' interpretation of the European reaction to the appalling events of 1914 18, Dr Winter instead argues that what characterised that reaction was, rather, the attempt to interpret the Great War within traditional frames of reference. Tensions arose inevitably. Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning is a profound and moving book of seminal importance for the attempt to understand the course of European history during the first half of the twentieth century."
A reissue in hardback under the National Trust imprint of a classic, superbly illustrated book tracing Sir Edwin Lutyens's formidable achievements of both grand public buildings and his many beautiful country houses. Through his architecture of New Delhi, Lutyens had the unofficial status of Britain's 'architect laureate', but it is in his wonderful country houses that his creative genius can most fully be appreciated. Elizabeth Wilhide traces the development of the Lutyens style and illustrates his remarkable blend of function and artistry, from the imposing granite of Castle Drogo and Lindisfarne to the restful appeal of Munstead Wood, which he designed for his long-term collaborator and friend, Gertrude Jekyll. Wilhide also devotes a large section of the book to Lutyens's wonderful interiors. With a foreword by Sir Edwin's granddaughter Candia Lutyens and specially commissioned photographs showing interiors and gardens, as well as original designs for furniture, this elegant monograph provides a fresh insight into a rich and enduring heritage of design.