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Lunar base scenarios; The lunar environment; Chemical and physical considerations for a lunar-derived soil; Biological considerations for a lunar-derived soil; Controlled ecological life support systems (CELSS): current research; Future research areas: the growth of higher plant in CELSS.
TERRAFORMING MARS This book provides a thorough scientific review of how Mars might eventually be colonized, industrialized, and transformed into a world better suited to human habitation. The idea of terraforming Mars has, in recent times, become a topic of intense scientific interest and great public debate. Stimulated in part by the contemporary imperative to begin geoengineering Earth, as a means to combat global climate change, the terraforming of Mars will work to make its presently hostile environment more suitable to life—especially human life. Geoengineering and terraforming, at their core, have the same goal—that is to enhance (or revive) the ability of a specific environment to support human life, society, and industry. The chapters in this text, written by experts in their respective fields, are accordingly in resonance with the important, and ongoing discussions concerning the human stewardship of global climate systems. In this sense, the text is both timely and relevant and will cover issues relating to topics that will only grow in their relevance in future decades. The notion of terraforming Mars is not a new one, as such, and it has long played as the background narrative in many science fiction novels. This book, however, deals exclusively with what is physically possible, and what might conceivably be put into actual practice within the next several human generations. Audience Researchers in planetary science, astronomy, astrobiology, space engineering, architecture, ethics, as well as members of the space industry.
Bringing together some of the most recognized and influential researchers and scientists in various space-related disciplines, Lunar Settlements addresses the many issues that surround the permanent human return to the Moon. Numerous international contributors offer their insights into how certain technological, physiological, and psychological challenges must be met to make permanent lunar settlements possible. The book first looks to the past, covering the Apollo and Saturn legacies. In addition, former astronaut and U.S. Senator Harrison H. Schmitt discusses how to maintain deep space exploration and settlement. The book then discusses economic aspects, such as funding for lunar commerce, managing human resources, and commercial transportation logistics. After examining how cultural elements will fit into habitat design, the text explores the physiological, psychological, and ethical impact of living on a lunar settlement. It also describes the planning/technical requirements of lunar habitation, the design of both manned and modular lunar bases, and the protection of lunar habitats against meteoroids. Focusing on lunar soil mechanics, the book concludes with discussions on lunar concrete, terraforming, and using greenhouses for agricultural purposes. Drawing from the lunar experiences of the six Apollo landing missions to the many American and Soviet robotic missions to current space activities and research, this volume summarizes the problems, prospects, and practicality of enduring lunar settlements. It reflects the key disciplines, including engineering, physics, architecture, psychology, biology, and anthropology, that will play significant roles in establishing these settlements.
Approaching the settlement of our Moon from a practical perspective, this book is well suited for space program planners. It addresses a variety of human factor topics involved in colonizing Earth's Moon, including: history, philosophy, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, politics & policy, sociology, and anthropology. Each chapter identifies the complex, interdisciplinary issues of the human factor that arise in the early phases of settlement on the Moon. Besides practical issues, there is some emphasis placed on preserving, protecting, and experiencing the lunar environment across a broad range of occupations, from scientists to soldiers and engineers to construction workers. The book identifies utilitarian and visionary factors that shape human lives on the Moon. It offers recommendations for program planners in the government and commercial sectors and serves as a helpful resource for academic researchers. Together, the coauthors ask and attempt to answer: “How will lunar society be different?”
Lunar Base Handbook provides an overview about the Moon and its environment, the current status of lunar base design, tools we need to design a lunar base, checklists and flow charts that outline the design process, and technological requirements of a lunar base. The main audience for this book is engineers, but it is also interesting for scientists, managers, lawyers, undergraduates, and high school students, and readable for the interested layman.
This extraordinary book details how the Moon could be used as a springboard for Solar System exploration. It presents a realistic plan for placing and servicing telescopes on the Moon, and highlights the use of the Moon as a base for an early warning system from which to combat threats of near-Earth objects. A realistic vision of human development and settlement of the Moon over the next one hundred years is presented, and the author explains how global living standards for the Earth can be enhanced through the use of lunar-based generated solar power. From that beginning, the people of the Earth would evolve into a spacefaring civilisation.
This fascinating 1968 report describes the results of a study of a semi-permanent lunar surface observatory, called Moonlab. Many unusual aspects of a moonbase are explored, including a futuristic take on astronauts for the mission: "Another more remote possibility is that the people pool will contain "modified people"; that is, at a later extremely mature stage of MOONLAB people who have had extensive conditioning, either psychological, physiological, or both, will be available for particular tasks not easily accomplished by normals." PART I - DESIGN CRITERIA AND PROGRAM EVOLUTION * CHAPTER 1 - DESIGN SUMMARY * MOONLAB Site * Evolution * Scientific Instruments * Personnel * Life Support and the Lunar Farm * Shelter * Power and Communications * Mobility * Lunar Exploitation * Weight and Cost * CHAPTER 2 - OBJECTIVES AND BENEFITS. * advantages and Disadvantages * CHAPTER 3 - FACTORS INFLUENCING BASE DESIGN * Site Selection * Study Assumptions and Guidelines * Physical Conditions of the Lunar Surface * Site Certification * MOONLAB Hard Design Criteria * CHAPTER 4 - MOONLAB EVOLUTION 1970-1985 * MOONLAB Evolution Programs * MOONLAB Evolution Costs * Economic Considerations * Cost Factors Significantly Affecting the Design of MOONLAB * PART II - MOONLAB JANUARY 1, 1985 * CHAPTER 5 - SCIENTIFIC MISSION ACTIVITIES * Physical Sciences * Lunar Atmosphere * Selenodesy (Geodesy) * Selenology * Selenochemistry * Selenophysics * Particles and Fields * Remote Observation of the Earth * Astronomy * Technology * Biological and Biomedical Research * Behavioral Science Research * Agricultural Science Research * Personnel * CHAPTER 6 - PERSONNEL * General * Personnel Selection * Group Formation Criteria * Group Members * Group Characteristics * Training * MOONLAB Organization * Daily Schedule * CHAPTER 7 - LUNAR BASE LAYOUT AND DESIGN * Spatial Requirements * Evolutionary Spatial Requirements * Steady State Requirements * Internal Spatial Requirements ("I") * Transitional Spatial Requirements ("T") * External Spatial Requirements ("E") * Spatial Allotments * Module Layout * Consideration of Human Factors * General Design Considerations * Module Floor Plans * General Physical Considerations * CHAPTER 8 - LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND PROTECTION. * Design Bases * Atmosphere * Food * Water * Waste Management System * Thermal Control * Contaminants Removal * Radiation * Fire Protection * Costs * CHAPTER 9 - MOONLAB AGRICULTURE * Purpose * General Concepts of Farm Design * Life support Details * Crop Details * Food Processing * Farm Maintenance * Evolution of Farm * Preliminary Development Work Required * Earth Tests Required * Moon Tests Required Before 1985 * Farm Construction * Soil Development and Crop Seeding * Farm Developments * Farm Operation * Crop Handling * Diet * CHAPTER 10 - MOONLAB STRUCTURES * General * Design Constraints * Manned Shelter * Consideration of the Toroid and Cylinder Forms * Meteoroid Effects * Preliminary Selection of Shelter Wall * Radiation * Foundations * Farm Structure * Farm Structure Materials * CHAPTER 11 - POWER AND COMMUNICATIONS * Power * Communications * Ground Station Network * Main Lunar Base * Communications with Extra-Base Activity * Instrument Communications * CHAPTER 12 - MOBILITY * Off-Loading and Deployment * Surface Movement of Landed Vehicles * Off-Loading * Emplacement * Unloading Pay loads * Material-Handling Vehicle * Site Preparation * Off-Site Activities * Scientific Objectives * Technological Objectives * Water Sources * Other Minerals * CHAPTER 13 - EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND BACKUP * General * Emergency Procedures * Location of Personnel and Physical Diagnosis * Sudden Decompression * Fire and Explosion Protection * Radiation Protection * Search and Rescue * PART III - MOONLAB POST-1985 OPERATIONS * CHAPTER 14 - POST-1985 LOGISTICS AND RESUPPLY * Personnel * Resupply * Costs of Post-1985 Operations * CHAPTER 15 - RESOURCE EXPLOITATION * Solar Energy * Solar Panels * Solar Concentrator
With contributions from over 70 international experts, this reference provides comprehensive coverage of plant physiological stages and processes under both normal and stressful conditions. It emphasizes environmental factors, climatic changes, developmental stages, and growth regulators as well as linking plant and crop physiology to the production of food, feed, and medicinal compounds. Offering over 300 useful tables, equations, drawings, photographs, and micrographs, the book covers cellular and molecular aspects of plant and crop physiology, plant and crop physiological responses to heavy metal concentration and agrichemicals, computer modeling in plant physiology, and more.