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Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have emerged as a promising and cost-effective transport solution for streaming video to a group of users in the Internet. In the P2P architecture, users not only consume video, but also forward it to other users. Thus, P2P systems scale better than client-server systems as users bring resources to the system. The challenge is to achieve low-latency and robust video dissemination by overcoming a number of adversarial aspects and challenges -- peer dynamics, heterogeneous uplink bandwidth of peers, heterogeneous hardware and capabilities of peers, and peer-wise connection restrictions due to NATs/firewalls. This dissertation presents Stanford Peer-to-Peer Multicast (SPPM), a P2P video streaming system. SPPM is designed to achieve low-latency and robust streaming by constructing an overlay of multiple complementary trees and dynamically rearranging the position of peers by Active Overlay Management in a distributed fashion. Next, we extend SPPM for providing playback control to users by time-shifted streaming. To perform time-shifted streaming, peers store past portions of video and forward them to other users when requested, thereby reducing server load. To further alleviate server load, we propose fast prefetching, by which peers can disseminate content quickly. Finally, we present a way to accommodate mobile users. Video transcoding is often required to adapt video for the mobile users. We propose interleaved distributed transcoding (IDT), which allows a video stream to be transcoded at multiple peers that are more capable than mobile users. IDT is shown not only to reduce computation required at a peer but also to achieve higher error resilience in case of peer failure or packet loss.
The second generation of cloud computing systems, known as domain-specific clouds, are emerging based on application-specific processors and serverless computing paradigm. As multimedia streaming services are increasingly growing in popularity and diversity, this book is authored to introduce “multimedia clouds” as a domain-specific cloud that operates in the intersection of cloud computing technologies and digital media streaming. The book concentrates on the architectural aspects of multimedia clouds and describes development of high-level abstractions that will mitigate the burden of programmers, cloud architects, and system administrators. Multimedia clouds not only democratize multimedia streaming and add flexibility to the streaming services, they also help stream providers to offer robust and reliable streaming services in a cost- and energy-efficient manner.
The book describes novel solutions to enhance video quality, increase robustness to errors, and reduce end-to-end latency in video streaming systems. The authors are leading Researchers from Stanford University.
This book features papers presented at IIH-MSP 2018, the 14th International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. The scope of IIH-MSP included information hiding and security, multimedia signal processing and networking, and bio-inspired multimedia technologies and systems. The book discusses subjects related to massive image/video compression and transmission for emerging networks, advances in speech and language processing, recent advances in information hiding and signal processing for audio and speech signals, intelligent distribution systems and applications, recent advances in security and privacy for multimodal network environments, multimedia signal processing, and machine learning. Presenting the latest research outcomes and findings, it is suitable for researchers and students who are interested in the corresponding fields. IIH-MSP 2018 was held in Sendai, Japan on 26–28 November 2018. It was hosted by Tohoku University and was co‐sponsored by the Fujian University of Technology in China, the Taiwan Association for Web Intelligence Consortium in Taiwan, and the Swinburne University of Technology in Australia, as well as the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications (Fujian University of Technology) and the Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School in China.
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The number of users who rely on the Internet to deliver multimedia content has grown significantly in recent years. As this consumer demand grows, so, too, does our dependency on a wireless and streaming infrastructure which delivers videos, podcasts, and other multimedia. Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks: Wireless Perspectives offers insights into current and future communication technologies for a converged Internet that promises soon to be dominated by multimedia applications, at least in terms of bandwidth consumption. The book will be of interest to industry managers, and will also serve as a valuable resource to students and researchers looking to grasp the dynamic issues surrounding video streaming and wireless network development.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference, ICT Innovations 2010, held in Ohrid, Macedonia, in September 2010. The 33 revised papers presented together with 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers address the following topics: internet applications and services, artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, internet, mobile and wireless technologies, multimedia information systems, computer networks, computer security, e-business, cryptography, high-performance-computing, social networks, e-government, as well as GPU computing.
This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, OPODIS 2005, held in Pisa, Italy in December 2005. The volume presents 30 revised full papers and abstracts of 2 invited talks. The papers are organized in topical sections on nonblocking synchronization, fault-tolerant broadcast and consensus, self-stabilizing systems, peer-to-peer systems and collaborative environments, sensor networks and mobile computing, security and verification, real-time systems, and peer-to-peer systems.