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Fishing vessels can be equipped with energy efficient refrigeration technology applying natural working fluids. Ammonia refrigeration systems have been the first choice, but CO2 units have also become increasingly common in the maritime sector in the last few years. When retrofitting or implementing CO2 refrigeration plants, less space on board is required and such units allow good service and maintenance. Nowadays, cruise ship owners prefer CO2 units for the provision refrigeration plants.Ship owners, responsible for the health and safety of the crew and passengers, must carefully evaluate the usage of flammable low GWP working fluids, due to a high risk that toxic decomposition products are formed, even without the presence of an open flame. Suggestions for further work include a Nordic Technology Hub for global marine refrigeration R&D and development support for key components.
This book contains the papers from the 2013 International Conference on Compressors and Their Systems, held from 9-10 September at City University London. The long-running conference series is the ultimate global forum for reviewing the latest developments and novel approaches in compressor research. High-quality technical papers are sourced from around the globe, covering technology development, operation, maintenance and reliability, safety and environmental impact, energy efficiency and carbon footprint, system integration and behaviour, upgrades and refurbishment, design and manufacture, education and professional development. All the papers are previously unpublished and constitute leading edge research. - Presents leading edge developments in compressor technology - Gives the latest prediction and modelling techniques - Details the new technology and machinery
"Originally developed to help staff, clients, and consultants prepare and implement operations supported by the Bank Group, this Handbook updates and replaces the Environmental Guidelines issued in 1988 and reflects changes both in technology and in pollution management policies and practices. It focuses attention on the environmental and economic benefits of preventing pollution and emphasizes cleaner production and good management techniques."--BOOK JACKET.
Refrigeration Systems and Applications, 2nd edition offers a comprehensive treatise that addresses real-life technical and operational problems, enabling the reader to gain an understanding of the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technology. New and unique analysis techniques (including exergy as a potential tool), models, correlations, procedures and applications are covered, and recent developments in the field are included - many of which are taken from the author's own research activities in this area. The book also includes some discussion of global warming issues and its potential solutions. Enables the reader to gain an understanding of the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies. Discusses crucial industrial technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis. Includes fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, fluid flow, and heat transfer; refrigerants; refrigeration cycles and systems; advanced refrigeration cycles and systems, including some novel applications; heat pumps; heat pipes; and many more. Provides easy to follow explanations, numerous new chapter-end problems and worked-out examples as learning aids for students and instructors. Refrigeration is extensively used in a variety of thermal engineering applications ranging from the cooling of electronic devices to food cooling processes. Its wide-ranging implications and applications mean that this industry plays a key role in national and international economies, and it continues to be an area of active research and development. Refrigeration Systems and Applications, 2nd edition forms a useful reference source for graduate and postgraduate students and researchers in academia and as well as practicing engineers working in this important field who are interested in refrigeration systems and applications and the methods and analysis tools for their analysis, design and performance improvement.
This text provides approaches and methodologies for implementing pollution prevention (P2) and waste minimization programmes to reduce manufacturing operational costs significantly. It focuses on reducing manufacturing and environmental compliance costs by instituting feedstock substitution, improved operational schemes, recycling and by-product recovery, waste minimization, and energy efficiency policies, and offers project cost accounting tools that assist in evaluating money-saving P2 options.
This textbook comprehensively covers the fundamentals and advanced concepts of thermodynamics in a single volume. It provides a detailed discussion of advanced concepts that include energy efficiency, energy sustainability, energy security, organic Rankine cycle, combined cycle power plants, combined cycle power plant integrated with organic Rankine cycle and absorption refrigeration system, integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plants, energy conservation in domestic refrigerators, and next-generation low-global warming potential refrigerants. Pedagogical features include solved problems and unsolved exercises interspersed throughout the text for better understanding. This textbook is primarily written for senior undergraduate students in the fields of mechanical, automobile, chemical, civil, and aerospace engineering for courses on engineering thermodynamics/thermodynamics and for graduate students in thermal engineering and energy engineering for courses on advanced thermodynamics. It is accompanied by teaching resources, including a solutions manual for instructors. FEATURES Provides design and experimental problems for better understanding Comprehensively discusses power cycles and refrigeration cycles and their advancements Explores the design of energy-efficient buildings to reduce energy consumption Property tables, charts, and multiple-choice questions comprise appendices of the book and are available at https://www.routledge.com/9780367646288.
This handbook was designed for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to help them with their phase out efforts under the Montreal Protocol. It provides ways to eliminate or at least substantially reduce ODS use through illustration of case studies of specific SMEs who have succeeded using alternatives. It presents both technical and policy options that an SME can consider and eventually adopt for the long term, including resources and contacts that they can easily get in touch with. This publication is ideal for enterprises involved in refrigeration and air conditioning, foams, aerosols and solvents.