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The Electronically Steered Phased Array is one of the most versatile antennas used in radars applications. Some of the advantages of electronic steering are faster scan, no moving parts and higher reliability. However, the cost of phased arrays has always been prohibitive - in the order of $1M per square meter. The cost of a phased array is largely impacted by the cost of the high frequency electronics at each element and the cost of packaging. Advances in IC integration will allow incorporating multiple elements such as low noise amplifier, power amplifier, phase shifters and up/down-conversion into one or two ICs. Even though the cost for large quantities of ICs (both Silicon and GaAs) has lowered, the high cost of IC packaging and the array backplane still make the use of phase arrays for radar applications costly. The focus of this research is on techniques that reduce the packaging and the backplane cost of large electronically steered arrays. These techniques are based on simplified signal distributions schemes, reduction of layers in the backplane and use of inexpensive materials. Two architectures designed based on these techniques, as well as a novel BGA active antenna package for dual polarized phased arrays are presented. The first architecture, called the series fed row-column architecture, focuses on the reduction of phase shifters and control signals used in the backplane of the array. The second architecture, called the parallel plate feed architecture, is based on a simplified scheme for distribution of the local oscillator signal. A prototype making use of each one of these architectures is presented. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each of these architectures is described. The necessity of cost reduction is a factor that can possibly impact the polarization performance of the antenna. This factor is a motivation to study and develop calibration techniques that reduce the cross-polarization of electronically steered phased arrays. Advances on Interleaving Sparse Arrays, a beam forming technique for polarization improvement/correction in phased arrays, are also presented.
Advanced Array Systems, Applications and RF Technologies adopts a holistic view of arrays used in radar, electronic warfare, communications, remote sensing and radioastronomy. Radio frequency (RF) and intermediate frequency (IF) signal processing is assuming a fundamental importance, owing to its increasing ability to multiply a system's capabilities in a cost-effective manner. This book comprehensively covers the important front-end RF subsystems of active phased arrays, so offering array designers new and exciting opportunities in signal processing. Provides an up to date record of existing systems from different applications Explores array systems under development Bridges the gap between textbook coverage of idealized phased arrays and practical knowledge of working phased arrays Recognises the significance of cost to the realization of phased arrays Discusses future advances in the field that promise to deliver even more affordable arrays ['intelligent' or self-focussing/-cohering arrays]
Today, computer science engineering and telecommunications are two important areas linked and even inseparable. This is obvious for the user who connects the modem of his computer on his mobile phone or telephone line to access, via the global data network, the information available on the servers. The both domains are evolving rapidly and the development of new architectures of systems dedicated to telecommunications and computing becomes essential. Especially, wireless transmission systems with high data rate. Two parts of these systems should be developed software and hardware. Another area that is renewable energies becomes more attractive for researchers in order to develop new conversion systems with good performances, and a good optimization of energy. For example, in wireless sensor systems, we try to develop new protocols permitting to have a good autonomy in terms of energy.
"[Contains] more lengthy mathematical derivations than most {comparable books] ... for arrays, provides for a unique, stand-alone mathematical description that can be adopted by anyone trying to communicate the theoretical foundation for their array design...has insights from a practitioner that are unique. The MATLAB® scripts alone are worth the price." —Daniel C. Ross, Ph. D, Northrop Grumman Corporation Electronically Scanned Arrays: MATLAB® Modeling and Simulation is considered the first book to provide comprehensive modeling/simulation programs used to design and analyze Electronically Scanned Arrays (ESA), a key technology internationally in the scientific and engineering communities. Several books have been written about ESAs, but most cover only fundamental theory. Few, if any, provide the insightful, easy-to-use simulation tools found in this book. Obviously, MATLAB® is one of the greatest tools available for exploring and understanding science and engineering concepts, and we use MATLAB functions to easily and instantly calculate ESA patterns. However, to achieve a truly insightful and in-depth analysis of subarray architectures, conformal arrays, etc., it is imperative that users first develop a firm grasp of ESA fundamentals. Covers largely unexplored topics, such as reliability aspects and the application of ESAs in space This volume helps readers build that elemental understanding of how ESAs work. It also provides code to run as an aid, so that readers don’t have to start from scratch. The book expands on ESA principles and provides a modeling framework, using MATLAB to model applications of ESAs (i.e. pattern optimization, space-based applications, and reliability analysis). Presented code serves as an excellent vehicle to help readers master the analysis and simulation of ESAs. Exploring how difficult problems can be simplified with short, elegant solutions, this is an invaluable resource for students and others new to ESAs, as well as experienced practicing engineers who model ESAs at the systems level.
The third edition of this highly respected market study provides a detailed insight into the global developments of the GaAs industry to 2004, and the implications for both suppliers and users of GaAs technology. The report has been completely revised and updated with a new chapter added on competitive technologies. The report also supplies market analysis by component type and application sectors. For a PDF version of the report please call Tina Enright on +44 (0) 1865 843008 for price details.
This book aims to cover a new emerging need in designing digital phase shifter for modern communication systems. With the advancement of new generation mobile communication systems, directed beams of antenna arrays save a substantial amount of power as well as improve the communication quality. In this regard, beam-forming circuits, such as digital phase shifters (DPS) constitute essential parts of the antenna array systems. Therefore, this book is devoted to the design of digital phase shifters for various communications systems. Nowadays, phase array systems demand compact phase shifters suitable for chip implementation with wide phase-range and broad frequency band. Each chapter of this book is organized as stand-alone in such a way that the reader requires no specific background acquired from the other chapters. For each phase shifter topology introduced in this book, the reader is furnished with explicit design equations to construct the circuit under consideration. Furthermore, design equations are programmed using MATLAB to assess the electrical performance of the phase shifters with ideal and lossy components. MATLAB design programs are given at the and of each chapter as appendices and provided as soft copy on the web page of the book. In chapters 12 and 14, MMIC layouts for the lattice and T-section based DPS are provided for the readers. It is hoped that an interested reader can immediately identifies the “optimum phase shifter topology” for the need under consideration with its estimated electric performance.
Radar networks are increasingly regarded as an efficient approach to enhancing radar capabilities in the face of popular anti-radar techniques and hostile operating environments. Reader-friendly and self-contained, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest radar networking technologies. The text addresses basic, relevant aspects of radar signal processing and statistical theories, including both civilian and military radar applications. It also discusses emerging topics that directly relate to networks, such as multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radars, waveform design, and diversity via multiple transmitters. Other topics covered include target recognition and imaging using radar networks. Features Gives a comprehensive view of the latest radar network technologies Covers both civilian and military applications of radar Provides basic statistics and signal processing necessary for understanding radar networks Includes up-to-date information on MIMO radars Presents waveform design and diversity for radar networks with multiple transmitters