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Readers of Walt Whitman have long been aware of the visual qualities of his writing but there is no book that documents the actual influences on him, orÐÐas importantÐÐthe influence Whitman had on American art (painting, photography, architecture, sculpture). The contributors to this collection, the first full-length study of this topic, outline the influences of Jean-Francois Millet and Gustave Courbet on Whitman, showing the common purposes shared in their art in their attention to the working man and in their internationalist perspective--even in a rough comparability in styles across different media. Other essays discuss the relationship between Whitman and Thomas Eakins (who painted and photographed Whitman and who created the imageÐÐor iconography of Whitman as we know him); Whitman and Louis Sullivan and the development of a "naturalistic" vocabulary of decorative ornament; and on Whitman and the realists of the so-called Ash-Can School. There is also an essay on Whitman and the sculptor Mahonri Young. What these last essays (especially Matthew Baigell's on progressive artists of the early twentieth century) show us quite clearly is that like most myths, the myth of Whitman as the lone voice crying in the wilderness, will not stand up to scrutiny. No one who reads these essays can come away from them without being convinced that the poet's was a prominent and controversial voice among many, all crying out for the same thingÐÐa reassessment of what constitutes the American subject and the American style.
Collage of Myself presents a groundbreaking account of the creative story behind America?s most celebrated collection of poems. In the first book-length study of Walt Whitman?s journals and manuscripts, Matt Miller demonstrates that until approximately 1854 (only a single year before the first publication of Leaves of Grass), Whitman?who once speculated that Leaves would be a novel or a play?was unaware that his ambitions would assume the form of poetry at all. ø Collage of Myself details Whitman?s discovery of a remarkable new creative process that allowed him to transform a diverse array of texts into poems such as ?Song of Myself? and ?The Sleepers.? Whitman embraced an art of fragments that encouraged him to ?cut and paste? his lines into ever-evolving forms based on what he called ?spinal ideas.? This approach to language, Miller argues, represents the first major use in the Western arts of the technique later known as collage, an observation with significant ramifications for our reception of subsequent artists and writers. Long before the modernists, Whitman integrated found text and ready-made language into a revolutionary formulation of artistic production that anticipates much of what is exciting about modern and postmodern art. ø Using the Walt Whitman Archive?s collection of digital images to study what were previously scattered and inaccessible manuscript pages, Miller provides a breakthrough in our understanding of this great American literary icon.
Winner of the Bancroft Prize and the Ambassador Book Award and Finalist for the National for the Book Critics Circle Award In his poetry Walt Whitman set out to encompass all of America and in so doing heal its deepening divisions. This magisterial biography demonstrates the epic scale of his achievement, as well as the dreams and anxieties that impelled it, for it places the poet securely within the political and cultural context of his age. Combing through the full range of Whitman's writing, David Reynolds shows how Whitman gathered inspiration from every stratum of nineteenth-century American life: the convulsions of slavery and depression; the raffish dandyism of the Bowery "b'hoys"; the exuberant rhetoric of actors, orators, and divines. We see how Whitman reconciled his own sexuality with contemporary social mores and how his energetic courtship of the public presaged the vogues of advertising and celebrity. Brilliantly researched, captivatingly told, Walt Whitman's America is a triumphant work of scholarship that breathes new life into the biographical genre.