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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Physics - Mechanics, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, language: English, abstract: The objective of the study is to conduct laboratory model testing to investigate and compare scour hole depth of the diamond, square and elliptical scaled model of bridge piers in a cohesion less bedding material under clear water and to propose the most efficient cross section of the bridge pier, having less Local scour around piers under steady clear-water condition was studied experimentally for a variety of configuration, including different sizes and shapes of piers. Total number of forty experiments were performed in the flume using diamond, square and elliptical shape. The scouring around the square shape was found maximum and at elliptical shape was the least. The main reason was obstruction in flow area that was more in case of the square and less in case of the elliptical shape. However, the diamond shaped has the intermediate scouring under same condition. Local scour is a complex phenomenon involving three-dimensional flow, typically developed around piers founded in movable bed rivers. Local scour can lead to partial failure or to collapse of bridge piers because of the high flood velocity. The cost of large bridges, with common and special complex piers, justifies carrying out an accurate prediction of scour depth, for both economic and safety reasons, which in turn leads to the interest of hydraulic engineers in predicting the equilibrium scour depth.
Information and technical data concerning scouring/erosion caused by water fl in rivers and streams. More specifically, how certain structures exaggerate this natural process by restricting water flow, causing constriction and loc scour. Material presented is from both field studies and laboratories
Local scour around piers and abutments is one of the main causes of the collapse of many bridges constructed inside rivers. Many researchers have conducted various studies to predict the maximum depth of a scour hole around bridge piers and abutments. However, most of them have been done in small-scale laboratory flumes and specifically for the open channel condition. Besides, most of the existing research on bridge piers uses uniform sediment which is not an appropriate representative of natural river systems. This can result in excessively conservative design values for scour in low risk or non-critical hydrologic conditions. The most severe cases of bridge pier scouring occur in cold regions when the surface of water turns into ice in which, an additional boundary layer is being added to the water surface, which leads to significant changes in the flow field and scour pattern around bridge piers. Ice cover also causes the maximum flow velocity to move closer to the channel bed.
Treats the subject of local sour around different kinds of marine structures, exposed to waves and/or currents.