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Loading structures is one of the most significant stages in structural design procedures. Consideration of various loads which may be subjected to a structure during its lifetime is very important. Hence, it needs a special consideration for training students and designers. Students learn very briefly about the loading and distribution of loads in different courses. However, this subject is so important and it needs special attention to make students familiar with the loading rules as well as usage of their related building codes in one book or in one subject. Regarding the necessity of understanding this subject for the students and designers, I decided to write this book to introduce the basics and principles in considering different loads and their distribution methods on the structural elements. Thereby, this book is prepared in 6 chapters including Dead and live load and their distribution, Wind load, Seismic load, Soil load, Hydrostatic load and Crane load. One of the noticeable parts of this book is chapter two which focuses on the wind load based on the Malaysian standard code.
This edited volume revisits developments in the field of media education and media studies at a time when society is experiencing a ubiquitous networked, digital media environment. Rapid advances in media and communication technologies and the accompanying developments in social, cultural, political, and economic realms pose unexpected challenges to the curricula of long-established media and communication schools. As opposed to rigidly structured nation-based mass media systems of the past century, the new global media sphere celebrates the breaking down of borders – whether spatial, cultural or social. Today, in the second half of the second decade of the 21st century, this problem translates into what, and how to teach students of media, who in all likelihood, are more adept media consumers and producers, than their teachers. In a region where educational institutions and educators don’t transform as fast as media technologies do, there is a need to problematize, and to reflect upon the situation. This edited volume examines critical issues related to media studies at local institutions of higher learning, and includes a sampling of research charting new directions in local media scholarship. Contributions to this edited volume reflect the shared concerns of media educators and researchers in Malaysia and two neighboring countries, Indonesia and Thailand. Three main themes underscore this volume, reflecting their importance to the evolution of media education, and to a certain extent, research as well: • Historical development of media education and training • Current developments and future trajectories of media education in a globalized digital media environment • Analysis of media and society
The effect of combined extreme transient loadings on a structure is not well understood—whether the source is man-made, such as an explosion and fire, or natural, such as an earthquake or extreme wind loading. A critical assessment of current knowledge is timely (with Fukushima-like disasters or terrorist threats). The central issue in all these problems is structural integrity, along with their transient nature, their unexpectedness, and often the uncertainty behind their cause. No single traditional scientific discipline provides complete answers, rather, a number of tools need to be brought together: nonlinear dynamics, probability theory, some understanding of the physical nature of the problem, as well as modeling and computational techniques for representing inelastic behavior mechanisms. Nonlinear Dynamics of Structures Under Extreme Transient Loads covers model building for different engineering structures and provides detailed presentations of extreme loading conditions. A number of illustrations are given quantifying; a plane crash or explosion induced impact loading, the effects of strong earthquake motion, and the impact and long-duration effects of strong stormy winds—along with a relevant framework for using modern computational tools. The book considers the levels of reserve in existing structures, and ways of reducing the negative impact of high-risk situations by employing sounder design procedures.
In dealing with extreme loads on structures, simple approximations of key variables can indicate if there is a threat of collapse. The ability to determine such variables early on strongly impacts the decisions about the engineering approach to adopt. Formulas for Mechanical and Structural Shock and Impact is a self-contained and concise presentati
Topics covered in this title include: the fracturing and damage of composite materials; ceramics; metals; and concretes and rocks at different scales in both monotonic and cyclic loading.
Structures that move in the course of normal use, or which have to be assembled or erected rapidly on a relatively unprepared site, offer a particular challenge to the designer. The interaction between the structure and the mechanism by which it moves is essential in these cases. The speed of assembly, what this means in terms of logistics, materials and cost, is a major factor in many such structures. Mobile and rapidly assembled structures play a major role in disaster mitigation and temporary accommodation. They are of primary importance in many military as well as civilian applications and are widely used for rescue and maintenance services. Their importance continues to grow in contemporary society where speed of response is of primary importance. Also, in many cases, their reversible deployment and potential reuse can lead to a lower economical and/or ecological impact, providing a more sustainable solution. There are common problems such as the efficient design of assembly joints, the resistance to damage of the membrane and metal cladding, crashworthiness and the limits of serviceability. Some areas of the subject are already well documented, but knowledge is fragmented and there is little design guidance available in the form of textbooks, data sheets or codes of practice. The interaction between morphology, kinematic behaviour and structural performance – typical for these structures – poses real challenges in terms of design and successful realisation. This multi-disciplinary proceedings volume contains papers presented at the fourth International Conference on Mobile, Adaptable and Rapidly Assembled Structures. Topics covered include: Rapidly erected bridges and transportable bridges; Disaster mitigation structures; Temporary structures and dwellings; Deployable systems and structural mechanisms; Tensegrity and reciprocal frames; Origami-based structures; Inflated and air-supported structures and membrane shelters; Rapidly assembled kit-of-parts systems; Leisure structures, demountable grandstands and scaffolding systems; Mobile inspection platforms; Folding and telescopic masts and gangways; Tower cranes and mobile lifting apparatus; Trackways and prefabricated paving for roads and airfields; Protective structures; Rapid repairs of structures; Structures in adverse conditions; Spacecraft structures; Construction and repair.
Wind forces from extreme wind events are the dominant loading for many parts of the world, exacerbated by climate change and the continued construction of tall buildings and structures. This authoritative source, for practising and academic structural engineers and graduate students, ties the principles of wind loads on structures to the relevant aspects of meteorology, bluff-body aerodynamics, probability and statistics, and structural dynamics. This new edition covers: Climate change effects on extreme winds – particularly those from tropical cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons Modelling of potential wind vulnerability and damage Developments in extreme value probability analysis of extreme wind speeds and directions Explanation of the difference between ‘return period’ and ‘average recurrence interval’, as well as ‘bootstrapping’ techniques for deriving confidence limits Wind over water, and profiles and turbulence in non-synoptic winds An expanded chapter on internal pressures produced by wind for various opening and permeability scenarios Aerodynamic shaping of high- and low-rise buildings Recent developments in five major wind codes and standards A new chapter on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as applied to wind engineering A greatly expanded appendix providing the basic information on extreme wind climates for over 140 countries and territories Additional examples for many chapters in this book
This book presents the most important applications of probablistic and statistical approaches and procedures to structural engineering.
Bibliography on the Fatigue of Materials, Components and Structures, Volume 3 addresses the problems associated with fatigue loadings as evident in branches of engineering and technology. Such debilitating factor also affects the human skeletal system. The book provides several references that show an increasing focus being given to the problem of fatigue in materials, components, and structures. The journals and lists of references used in the book, which discuss the subject of fatigue, are chosen to give an initial identification of citations. These sources are accompanied by computer-based documentation systems. The bibliographical data for each citation are thoroughly reviewed by checking the original bases of publication. The references in the book are arranged chronologically according to its year of publication. Major use has been made of abbreviations for the titles of journals and publications. The book can serve as a valuable tool for doctors, therapists, students, and researchers in the field of medicine.
Launched in May 2000, the aims of the COST C12 cooperative action were: to develop, combine and disseminate new technical engineering technologies to improve the quality of urban buildings to propose new technical solutions to architects and planners to reduce the disturbance caused by construction in urban areas and improve urban quality of life. This volume contains the proceedings of the COST C12 final conference held in Innsbruck, Austria from January 20-22 2005. The book reflects not only the outcome of the four years’ work of the cooperative, but also the contributions made by other international experts at the conference, focused on three broad themes: mixed building technology; structural integrity under exceptional actions; and urban design.