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This thesis develops new and powerful methods for identifying planetary signals in the presence of “noise” generated by stellar activity, and explores the physical origin of stellar intrinsic variability, using unique observations of the Sun seen as a star. In particular, it establishes that the intrinsic stellar radial-velocity variations mainly arise from suppression of photospheric convection by magnetic fields. With the advent of powerful telescopes and instruments we are now on the verge of discovering real Earth twins in orbit around other stars. The intrinsic variability of the host stars themselves, however, currently remains the main obstacle to determining the masses of such small planets. The methods developed here combine Gaussian-process regression for modeling the correlated signals arising from evolving active regions on a rotating star, and Bayesian model selection methods for distinguishing genuine planetary signals from false positives produced by stellar magnetic activity. The findings of this thesis represent a significant step towards determining the masses of potentially habitable planets orbiting Sun-like stars.
Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book explores what makes the conditions on Earth 'just right' to sustain life.
Astrobiology not only investigates how early life took hold of our planet but also life on other planets – both in our Solar System and beyond – and their potential for habitability. The book take readers from the scars on planetary surfaces made by space rocks to the history of the Solar System narrated by those space rocks as well as exoplanets in other planetary systems. But the true question is how life arose here or elsewhere. Modern comparative genomics has revealed that Darwin was correct; a set of highly conserved genes and cellular functions indicate that all life is related by common ancestry. The Last Universal Common Ancestor or LUCA sits at the base of the Tree of Life. However, once that life took hold, it started to diversify and form complex microbial communities that are known as microbial mats and stromatolites. Due to their long evolutionary history and abundance on modern Earth, research on the biological, chemical and geological processes of stromatolite formation has provided important insights into the field of astrobiology. Many of these microbialite-containing ecosystems have been used as models for astrobiology, and NASA mission analogs including Shark Bay, Pavilion and Kelly Lakes. Modern microbialites represent natural laboratories to study primordial ecosystems and provide proxies for how life could evolve on other planets. However, few viral metagenomic studies (i.e., viromes) have been conducted in microbialites, which are not only an important part of the community but also mirror its biodiversity. This book focuses on particularly interesting sites such as Andean lake microbialites, a proxy of early life since they are characterized by very high UV light, while Alchichica and Bacalar lakes are characterized by high-salt and oligotrophic waters that nurture stromatolites. However, it is only the oasis of Cuatro Ciénegas Basin in México that stored past life in its marine sediments of the Sierra de San Marcos. This particular Sierra has a magmatic pouch that moves the deep aquifer to the surface in a cycle of sun drenched life and back to the depths of the magmatic life in an ancient cycle that now is broken by the overexploitation of the surface water as well as the deep aquifer in order to irrigate alfalfa in the desert. The anthropocene, the era of human folly, is killing this unique time machine and with it the memory of the planet.
"By opening this Handbook for wise thinking and living, you open the door to your new identity, because across the threshold there is only the lightness of Being, and infinity in all directions."—Deepak Chopra In The Wisdom Principles, Dr. Ervin Laszlo, authority in the fields of new science, consciousness, and spirituality, bridges the chasm between our understanding of science and the truths of spirituality, bringing an essential and timely message of wisdom to the world. Laszlo offers readers principles of empowerment that will guide the choices they make for years to come and will allow them to move confidently toward a better future. This book is the distillation of Laszlo’s sixty plus years spent delving into the mysteries of science and a lifetime of keen spiritual insight. The nuggets of timely wisdom offered in The Wisdom Principles, and the timeless truths revealed on its pages, are a precious resource for wise thinking and living. As we stand at a crossroads of civilization there has never been a greater need for them than today. Deepak Chopra, Neale Donald Walsch, and Gregg Braden are among the renowned thought-leaders who lend their voices to Laszlo’s work, framing the book and underscoring the power of its life-changing principles.
Like planets in our solar system, exoplanets form, evolve, and interact with their host stars in many ways. As exoplanets acquire material and grow to the final size, their atmospheres are subjected to intense UV and X-radiation and high-energy particle bombardment from the young host star. Whether a planet can retain its atmosphere and the conditions for significant mass loss both depend upon the strength of the host star's high-energy radiation and wind, the distance of the exoplanet from its host star, the gravitational potential of the exoplanet, and the initial chemical composition of the exoplanet atmosphere. This introductory overview describes the physical processes responsible for the emission of radiation and acceleration of winds of host stars that together control the environment of an exoplanet, focusing on topics that are critically important for understanding exoplanetary atmospheres but are usually not posed from the perspective of host stars. Accordingly, both host stars and exoplanets are not studied in isolation but are treated as integrated systems. Stellar magnetic fields, which are the energy source for activity phenomena including high-energy radiation and winds, play a critical role in determining whether exoplanets are habitable. This text is primarily for researchers and graduate students who are studying exoplanet atmospheres and habitability, but who may not have a background in the physics and phenomenology of host stars that provide the environment in which exoplanets evolve. It provides a comprehensive overview of this broad topic rather than going deeply into many technical aspects but includes a large list of references to guide those interested in pursuing these questions. Nonspecialists with a scientific background should also find this text a valuable resource for understanding the critical issues of contemporary exoplanet research.
The author hopes this book will bring to the reader’s attention and focus the value in reflecting on various, often differing perspectives of our world. It seems many people live out their lifetime, rather unthinkingly, without ever considering seriously, any purpose for their life beyond immediate personal pleasures and satisfactions. Then they die, so they seem to think. A little intuition and insight soon reveals there is much more to our world than what we can see and that each of us has a real purpose for our existence. A basic truth the author points to is that human purpose is unattainable in isolation. Our thoughts, no matter how lofty, are worthless unless they are communicated and shared with others, in love. And so, he says, he writes. This book brings forth numerous ideas and inventions, discoveries and talents revealed in literary, mathematical, and art forms, all manifestations of God’s handiworks revealed through our humanness. The book also points to the humble efforts, the drudgeries of routines, even the poverty of so many humans and how God values and honors every individual who sincerely lives to please our Creator, God, no matter their station in life. God’s creativity didn’t end the sixth creation day. Yes, God rested on the seventh day, and He instructed us to do the same. God’s creative time marches forward, never static, but rather dynamic, energetic, ever-changing, evolving with ever-emerging newness and promise. Amazingly, God endorses and promotes our own human creativity with an important caveat. It is difficult to find a place on our earth’s surface not rearranged to suit our human generational whims. In so many situations, we have failed to clean up our messes. God gave we humans dominion over the whole earth. What we’ve collectively failed to understand or live up to is that dominion involves responsibility, conservation, and ownership. Ever since the reformation and its associated human upheavals, technology has, with continuing acceleration, produced marvelous time-saving, creative accomplishments. That is, for the minority of we humans fortunate enough to access them. But what about the majority, the masses of forgotten humans worldwide, living in deep poverty, often homeless, their own resources confiscated by greedy entrepreneurs? And what about earth’s surface, so deeply wounded and scarred by human mining interests? Sad to say, if the tables were reversed, and the presently forsaken masses of humanity were somehow to become the privileged, it would be no different. We humans are all selfish sinners So who’s responsible? Don’t blame Satan and his demons. All they do is suggest to us mindful humans. Every evil ever manifested could be traced back to human sins. And is there any possible solution to the messes we’ve made? Of course there is, but few find it. The whole creation, life, and humanity, Satan and his demons, the beauties and the sufferings all come into focus in Jesus. It’s all about Jesus and his love for we humans. The author’s writing style is suggestive of an ascending vortex (cyclone) of information that first focuses on some primary aspects of us and our world, written for the early childhood reader. It then spirals upward to give the reader deeper perspectives on similar topics, now written in format readable by primary students. Continuing to spiral upward, it is now addressed to intermediate level students, utilizing still greater depth of reasoning and language used. Finally, the book looks deeper into advanced studies of some chosen topics. Bless us all, dear Lord, in our efforts to better know your creation and You.
As our nearest star, the Sun offers a unique opportunity to study stellar physics in action. Following the success of his previous books, Galaxies and The Stars, Roger Tayler presents the first full picture of how studies of the Sun and the solar system help us understand stars in general and other planetary systems. Using mathematics appropriate for advanced undergraduate students in physics, this textbook provides a broad and wide-ranging introduction to the Sun as a star. Succinct derivations of key results - such as the properties of spectral lines, the theory of stellar oscillations, plasma physics, magnetohydrodynamics and dynamo theory - are provided in a number of handy appendices, ensuring that the book is completely self contained. Altogether, this is an invaluable textbook for students studying the Sun, stars, the solar-terrestrial environment and the formation of planetary systems.
Presents the unifying world-concept long sought by scientists, mystics, and sages: an Integral Theory of Everything • Explains how modern science has rediscovered the Akashic Field of perennial philosophy • New edition updates ongoing scientific studies, presents new research inspired by the first edition, and includes new case studies and a section on animal telepathy Mystics and sages have long maintained that there exists an interconnecting cosmic field at the roots of reality that conserves and conveys information, a field known as the Akashic record. Recent discoveries in vacuum physics show that this Akashic Field is real and has its equivalent in science’s zero-point field that underlies space itself. This field consists of a subtle sea of fluctuating energies from which all things arise: atoms and galaxies, stars and planets, living beings, and even consciousness. This zero-point Akashic Field is the constant and enduring memory of the universe. It holds the record of all that has happened on Earth and in the cosmos and relates it to all that is yet to happen. In Science and the Akashic Field, philosopher and scientist Ervin Laszlo conveys the essential element of this information field in language that is accessible and clear. From the world of science he confirms our deepest intuitions of the oneness of creation in the Integral Theory of Everything. We discover that, as philosopher William James stated, “We are like islands in the sea, separate on the surface but connected in the deep.”