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Low-and-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are home to diverse populations of livestock species adapted to various agro-ecological zones, production systems, and harsh environmental conditions. However, the livestock in LMICs have not been systematically improved and current low levels of productivity do not meet the demand for livestock products by a growing population. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and genotyping technologies have enabled the application of genomic selection in various livestock species in some western countries with great success. Despite the low adoption of genomic breeding in LMICs livestock industry, various studies and programs were initiated and some are still ongoing. Furthermore, community-based breeding programs (CBBP) have been initiated in many LMICs with great benefits for smallholder livestock farmers. CBBPs are based on the active participation of farmers from inception through to implementation and consider their needs, views, decisions, breeding objectives, and available infrastructure. In Africa for instance, small ruminants CBBPs have generated substantial genetic gains and socioeconomic benefits for rural poor farmers. However, the current challenges affecting the data recording and genetic evaluation of the CBBPs in LMICS are yet to be fully reported. Furthermore, the CBBPs are yet to integrate genomic selection in their breeding strategies. For sustainable livestock breeding in LMICs, there is a need to assess the current status of livestock genomics and community-based breeding strategies to identify the challenges and suggest mitigating strategies and future improvement strategy plans. In this Research Topic, we aim to collect findings from past and current livestock genomics and community-based breeding programs, the challenges, the lessons learned, the opportunities, and future perspectives.
Written as per the Fifth Deans' Committee Report of ICAR, the book meticulously describes in a nutshell the basic and applied aspects of Livestock Production Management in Indian context. The book primarily covers all important information about farm animals (like cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and pig) and poultry—their breeds, reproduction and breeding, feeds and feeding, housing requirement, care and management, and health control measures. KEY FEATURES • It is written in a simple and lucid language for easy grasping. • The text is supported with numerous examples, tables, photographs and diagrams for clear understanding of the concepts. • A large number of objective as well as subjective questions given at the end of each chapter is an added attraction of the book, which will be of help to the concerned students for their internal short tests and final examination. • It will also help the concerned teachers in teaching this course in a time-bound schedule. • Answers to objective questions are provided at the end of each chapter for students' self-assessment. • The information is up-to-date and given in concise form in such a manner that the book can be used as a substitute of class notes. TARGET AUDIENCE • B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture • B.Tech. (Dairy Technology) • B.V.Sc. & A.H.
Hobby Farms Beef Cattle: Keeping a Small-Scale Herd for Pleasure and Profit, written by Ann Larkin Hansen, serves as an excellent introduction to raising cows for food or simply to graze while mowing and fertilizing the pasture. This colorful guide offers experienced hobby farmers and beginners all of the essential information necessary to purchase and maintain a small herd of beef cattle. While managing her own hobby farm in Wisconsin, Hansen shares her expertise in all things farm and has authored numerous books such as Making Hay, The Organic Farming Manual, and Finding Good Farmland. In this comprehensive book, Hansen corrals the hobby farmer into the world of cowboys and cowgirls: she begins, “Beef cattle are as much at home on the hobby farm as they are on the range.” This colorful primer begins with the basics, from biological traits and breeds to behavior and life cycle, and describes exactly what’s required for a hobby farmer to maintain a herd of cattle—the four F’s—fencing, feed, fields, and facilities. Given the expense involved in the purchase and maintenance of beef cattle, all hobby farmers will welcome Hansen’s sound and sensible advice on buying the right cattle, whether steer calves for meat or breeding stock for building up a herd. The buying chapter helps farmers focus on what to look for when selecting cattle; how cows, heifers, and bulls are priced; where to purchase; and how to get cattle to your farm. The feeding and nutrition of cattle is a complicated topic, and Hansen breaks it down into the three basic components that every keeper needs to understand: pasture, hay, and grain. With directness and clarity, she explains the ins and outs of grazing, selecting ideal foodstuffs, using salt and minerals, and maintaining good weight on the herd. The reader can rely on her expert advice to learn the fundamentals of handling cattle, including herding, loading, and transporting cattle, as well as keeping beef cattle healthy through preventive methods, vaccinations, parasite control and veterinary assistance. For hobby farmers planning to breed their livestock, Beef Cattle includes a chapter on pairing cows and heifers, the actual breeding, artificial insemination, the care of pregnant cows, calving, caring for the young, and weaning calves. The final chapter of the book “Marketing and Processing Your Cattle” is geared toward hobby farmers looking to get beef processed, grade meat, and sell the final product. Sidebars of fun trivia, stories from farmers, and useful advice appear throughout the handbook. A glossary of over 100 terms; an appendix of health issues; a resource section of useful websites, books, and periodicals; and a detailed index complete the book.
The key role that farming plays in the economy of Indiana today owes much to the work of John Harrison Skinner (1874-1942). Skinner was a pioneering educator and administrator who transformed the study of agriculture at Purdue University during the first decades of the twentieth century. From humble origins, occupying one building and 150 acres at the start of his career, the agriculture program grew to spread over ten buildings and 1,000 acres by the end of his tenure as its first dean. A focused, single-minded man, Skinner understood from his own background as a grain and stock farmer that growers could no longer rely on traditional methods in adapting to a rapidly changing technological and economic environment, in which tractors were replacing horses and new crops such as alfalfa and soy were transforming the arable landscape. Farmers needed education, and only by hiring the best and brightest faculty could Purdue give them the competitive edge that they needed. While he excelled as a manager and advocate for Indiana agriculture, Skinner never lost touch with his own farming roots, taking especial interest in animal husbandry. During the course of his career as dean (1907-1939), the number of livestock on Purdue farms increased fourfold, and Skinner showed his knowledge of breeding by winning many times at the International Livestock Exposition. Today, the scale of Purdue's College of Agriculture has increased to offer almost fifty programs to hundreds of students from all over the globe. However, at its base, the agricultural program in place today remains largely as John Harrison Skinner built it, responsive to Indiana but with its focus always on scientific innovation in the larger world.
Healthy and sustainable animal husbandry is the goal of animal breeding. This book provides a detailed overview of applications of post-genome era techniques for livestock genetics and breeding. It also describes techniques for genetically selecting highly productive animals without producing large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, community-based breeding programs for breeding rams and bucks, the response of bovine species to in vitro thermal stress stimulation, and the semen characteristics of wool-breed ram lamb-raised in conditions of high altitude. The book not only presents advanced animal genetic and breeding methods but also highlights useful, practical technology for animal breeding under specific climate, geographic, and environmental conditions.