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In addition, although use of animal health services, and adoption of improved livestock breeds and modern management practices have increased, ownership of various types of livestock has declined.
Livestock is important in Ethiopia’s agricultural economy as almost all farmers own some livestock. Livestock assets are valued at 720 USD per farm on average. Overall livestock output has grown rapidly over the last decade, estimated at almost 6 percent per year, but about 80 percent of that growth came from increases in the number of livestock. The stock of different livestock species was about 50 percent higher in 2015 than a decade earlier, while modern input use and improvements in production methods contributed little to growth in the livestock sector. Linked to improved access to extension and markets, adoption of improved breeds and improved feeding practices increased, but such adoption patterns started from a very low base. Within the livestock sector, cattle are dominant, making up an estimated three-quarters of the value of livestock stock. However, the share of cattle in total livestock output is declining, and small ruminants are on the rise, especially in pastoralist areas. Given the rapid growth in livestock numbers and the increasing livestock density per unit of land, we find that feeding practices are changing. Grazing land is declining in availability, so reliance on commercial feed markets is increasing. Access to vaccinations and veterinary service provision have improved, and livestock death rates declined slightly over the last decade. However, the number of livestock lost to deaths is still more than twice the number sold for meat production, indicating important challenges remaining for the development of the livestock sector in Ethiopia.
Policy concepts; Identification of policy issues; Production systems, supply and demand; Market, price and trade policies; Marketing and distribution systems; Budget and manpower planning; Land tenure police for the livestock sector; Policy analysis report writing and communication; Livestock production and marketing in alphabeta - a case study.
The perception of Ethiopia projected in the media is often one of chronic poverty and hunger, but this bleak assessment does not accurately reflect most of the country today. Ethiopia encompasses a wide variety of agroecologies and peoples. Its agriculture sector, economy, and food security status are equally complex. In fact, since 2001 the per capita income in certain rural areas has risen by more than 50 percent, and crop yields and availability have also increased. Higher investments in roads and mobile phone technology have led to improved infrastructure and thereby greater access to markets, commodities, services, and information. In Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia: Progress and Policy Challenges, Paul Dorosh and Shahidur Rashid, along with other experts, tell the story of Ethiopia's political, economic, and agricultural transformation. The book is designed to provide empirical evidence to shed light on the complexities of agricultural and food policy in today's Ethiopia, highlight major policies and interventions of the past decade, and provide insights into building resilience to natural disasters and food crises. It examines the key issues, constraints, and opportunities that are likely to shape a food-secure future in Ethiopia, focusing on land quality, crop production, adoption of high-quality seed and fertilizer, and household income. Students, researchers, policy analysts, and decisionmakers will find this book a useful overview of Ethiopia's political, economic, and agricultural transformation as well as a resource for major food policy issues in Ethiopia. Contributors: Dawit Alemu, Guush Berhane, Jordan Chamberlin, Sarah Coll-Black, Paul Dorosh, Berhanu Gebremedhin, Sinafikeh Asrat Gemessa, Daniel O. Gilligan, John Graham, Kibrom Tafere Hirfrfot, John Hoddinott, Adam Kennedy, Neha Kumar, Mehrab Malek, Linden McBride, Dawit Kelemework Mekonnen, Asfaw Negassa, Shahidur Rashid, Emily Schmidt, David Spielman, Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse, Seneshaw Tamiru, James Thurlow, William Wiseman.
Ethiopia has experienced impressive agricultural growth and poverty reduction, stemming in part from substantial public investments in agriculture. Yet, the agriculture sector now faces increasing land and water constraints along with other challenges to growth. Ethiopia’s Agrifood System: Past Trends, Present Challenges, and Future Scenarios presents a forward-looking analysis of Ethiopia’s agrifood system in the context of a rapidly changing economy. Growth in the agriculture sector remains essential to continued poverty reduction in Ethiopia and will depend on sustained investment in the agrifood system, especially private sector investment. Many of the policies for a successful agricultural and rural development strategy for Ethiopia are relevant for other African countries, as well. Ethiopia’s Agrifood System should be a valuable resource for policymakers, development specialists, and others concerned with economic development in Africa south of the Sahara.
Livestock production is of strategic economic importance as it is a fundamental component of the livelihood of 85 percent of Ethiopian providing draught power, a mode of transportation and food in the form of milk and meat. Furthermore, livestock substitute for the lack of a modern financial system providing a form of saving and risk management. Unlike many African countries, the profile of livestock production in Ethiopia is well researched but there appears to be a detachment between research and the practical problems faced by beneficiaries the research is focused on. The national rural development policies and agricultural research investments have reflected their predisposition toward commercial cereal crop production. Development projects related to the livestock sub-sector had failed to produce wealth sufficient for development of the national economy. Most projects have had limited impact on the poor livestock keepers due to the projects focus on increasing production using strategies often suitable for wealthier farmers and the lack of coordinated involvement between various institutions. Past and present national policies have ignored the dynamic interaction between the farming system, rural life, and livestock. This paper reviews and analyzes current/historical national developmental policy documents combined with intensive literature reviews to evaluate Ethiopia0́9s livestock policy and how it could be improved to better serve the interests of poor livestock keepers. In addition, it reviews the roles played by the Government of Ethiopia, national and international research organizations, and development assistance communities in promoting growth in the livestock sub-sector. It recommends some steps that are necessary preconditions to creating livestock policies that benefit and promote growth in the livestock sub-sector and achieving Ethiopia0́9s plans for Agricultural Development- Led Industrialization The proposed strategy consist of the following six components: 1.Changing the livestock sub-sector huge disadvantage due to a lack of representation in the policy arena and eliminating or reducing bias perception of livestock significance lying only in its contribution to crop production; 2. Changing research methodology toward Action-oriented imbedded in innovation systems perspective; 3. Changing coordination efforts between international and national research organizations; 4. Understanding the driving force to adoption and increase of forage production; 5. Developing a private commercial forage industry with subside or tax incentives from the government; 6. Relevant national stakeholder playing an advocacy role and more involvement of international research organization such as ILRI and IFPRI.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on 'Livestock in Mountain/Highland Production Systems: Research and Development Challenges into the Next Millennium', held from 7-10 Dec. 1999, in Pokhara, Nepal, jointly sponsored by International Centre for Integrated Development ... [et al.].