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This multi-authored volume provides a comprehensive and in-depth account of the highly interdisciplinary science and technology of liquid film coating. The book covers fundamental principles from a wide range of scientific disciplines, including fluid mechanics aand transport phenomena, capillary hydrodynamics, surface and colloid science. The authors, all acknowledged eperts in their fields, represent a balance between industrial and academic points of view. Throughout the text, many case studies illustrate how scientific principles together with advanced experimental and theoretical methods are applied to develop and optimize manufacturing processes of eve increasing sophiatication and efficiency. In the first part of the book, the authors systematically recount the underlying physical principles and important material properties. The second part of the book gives a comprehensive overview of the most advanced experimental, mathematical and computational methods available today to investigate coating processes. The third part provides an overview and critical literature review for all major classes of liquid film coating processes of industrial importance.
Sol-Gel Techniques for Glass Producers and Users provides technological information, descriptions and characterizations of prototypes, or products already on the market, and illustrates advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel process in comparison to other methods. The first chapter entitled "Wet Chemical Technology" gives a summary of the basic principles of the sol-gel chemistry. The most promising applications are related to coatings. Chapter 2 describes the various "Wet Chemical Coating Technologies" from glass cleaning to many deposition and post-coating treatment techniques. These include patterning of coatings through direct or indirect techniques which have became very important and for which the sol-gel processing is particularly well adapted. Chapter 3 entitled "Bulk Glass Technologies" reports on the preparation of special glasses for different applications. Chapter 4 entitled "Coatings and Materials Properties" describes the properties of the different coatings and the sol-gel materials, fibers and powders. The chapter also includes a section dedicated to the characterization techniques especially applied to sol-gel coatings and products.
This volume contains three keynote presentations, given by experts in the field of experimental methods, rheology and the modeling of coating dies. Included also are 40 contributions drawn from the following areas of coating research and application: instability and coating defects; surface treatment; spreading and leveling; experimental investigations; surface tension and gravity driven flows; roll and gravure coating; rheological effects in coating processes.As such, these proceedings should prove a valuable resource for both researchers and coating practitioners.
Falling Liquid Films gives a detailed review of state-of-the-art theoretical, analytical and numerical methodologies, for the analysis of dissipative wave dynamics and pattern formation on the surface of a film falling down a planar inclined substrate. This prototype is an open-flow hydrodynamic instability, that represents an excellent paradigm for the study of complexity in active nonlinear media with energy supply, dissipation and dispersion. It will also be of use for a more general understanding of specific events characterizing the transition to spatio-temporal chaos and weak/dissipative turbulence. Particular emphasis is given to low-dimensional approximations for such flows through a hierarchy of modeling approaches, including equations of the boundary-layer type, averaged formulations based on weighted residuals approaches and long-wave expansions. Whenever possible the link between theory and experiment is illustrated, and, as a further bridge between the two, the development of order-of-magnitude estimates and scaling arguments is used to facilitate the understanding of basic, underlying physics. This monograph will appeal to advanced graduate students in applied mathematics, science or engineering undertaking research on interfacial fluid mechanics or studying fluid mechanics as part of their program. It will also be of use to researchers working on both applied, fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of thin film flows, as well as engineers and technologists dealing with processes involving isothermal or heated films. This monograph is largely self-contained and no background on interfacial fluid mechanics is assumed.
This book compares premetered methods to self-metered processes and addresses general properties of premetered methods. It presents specific properties of slot, slide, and curtain coating. The book is divided in three parts: Part I compares premetered methods to self-metered processes. It explains the term “premetered,” which is an expression of the law of mass conservation, and discusses the physical fluid properties that are relevant for premetered processes. Furthermore, it presents in detail the various basic flow fields that make up premetered coating methods. Lastly, it introduces the concepts of wall shear stress, residence time, and hydrodynamic assist to dynamic wetting. Part II addresses general properties of premetered methods, such as the fluid conditioning and delivery systems, the nominal film thickness, and the film thickness uniformity, both in machine and cross-web directions (die design). It lists the attractive features of simultaneous multilayer applications, including an explanation of how mixing of adjacent layers can be prevented. This section concludes by revisiting examples of economic considerations. Part III presents specific properties of slot, slide, and curtain coating. It examines various topics, such as coating equipment and coating configurations, coating modes, details of the various flow fields, operating window and process limitations, and process optimization.
Accompanying DVD-ROM contains ... "all chapters of the Springer Handbook."--Page 3 of cover.
Process Systems Engineering brings together the international community of researchers and engineers interested in computing-based methods in process engineering. This conference highlights the contributions of the PSE community towards the sustainability of modern society and is based on the 13th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering PSE 2018 event held San Diego, CA, July 1-5 2018. The book contains contributions from academia and industry, establishing the core products of PSE, defining the new and changing scope of our results, and future challenges. Plenary and keynote lectures discuss real-world challenges (globalization, energy, environment and health) and contribute to discussions on the widening scope of PSE versus the consolidation of the core topics of PSE. - Highlights how the Process Systems Engineering community contributes to the sustainability of modern society - Establishes the core products of Process Systems Engineering - Defines the future challenges of Process Systems Engineering
Chemists have been researching the potential of liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide for environmentally safe applications. This edited volume will cover the various applications of using these forms of carbon dioxide. The three main areas of focus are catalysis and chemical synthesis in CO2, polymers in CO2, and industrial processes and applications utilizing CO2. The book is aimed at researchers in academia and industry, and the contributors are all experts in the field.
Friction, lubrication, adhesion, and wear are prevalent physical phenomena in everyday life and in many key technologies. This book explains how these tribological phenomena originate from atomistic and microscale physical phenomena and shows how this understanding can be used to solve macroscale tribology problems.