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The only comprehensive one-volume work describing protein-bound lipids Lipid Modifications of Proteins is the first single-volume publication to provide a comprehensive discussion of the five major kinds of protein-bound lipids. The book examines the biochemical activities involved in covalent attachment of different kinds of lipids to proteins, and it indicates the extent of lipid modifications to proteins. The book also thoroughly evaluates current hypotheses on roles of covalent lipids in protein structure and function. This one-of-a-kind volume is essential for molecular biologists, cell biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, microbiologists, and other researchers interested in the effect of lipids on proteins.
Lipid Modification of Proteins: A Practical Approach is a unique guide to the latest methods is use, written by the acknowledged experts in the field. Detailed protocols are provided for all the key techniques, and the relevant background material is included. This book is an essential manual for a wide range of scientists studying the modification of protein by lipids, including membrane and protein biochemists, cell biologists, immunologists, bacteriologists, parasitologists, and virologists.
This volume is organized around the three major classes of lipids that have been identified in covalent attachment to proteins in eukaryotic cells: isoprenoids, saturated fatty acyl groups and glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ).
The fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure formulated by Singer and Nicolson in the early 1970s has proven to be a durable concept in terms of the principles governing the organization of the constituent lipids and proteins. During the past 30 or so years a great deal of information has accumulated on the composition of various cell membranes and how this is related to the dif ferent functions that membranes perform. Nevertheless, the task of explaining particular functions at the molecular level has been hampered by lack of struc tural detail at the atomic level. The reason for this is primarily the difficulty of crystallizing membrane proteins which require strategies that differ from those used to crystallize soluble proteins. The unique exception is bacteriorhodopsin of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium which is interpolated into a membrane that is neither fluid nor in a mosaic configuration. To date only 50 or so membrane proteins have been characterised to atomic resolution by diffraction methods, in contrast to the vast data accumulated on soluble proteins. Another factor that has been difficult to explain is the reason why the lipid compliment of membranes is often extremely complex. Many hundreds of different molecular species of lipid can be identified in some membranes. Remarkably, the particular composition of each membrane appears to be main tained within relatively narrow limits and its identity distinguished from other morphologically-distinct membranes.
Lipid Modification by Enzymes and Engineered Microbes covers the state-of-the art use of enzymes as natural biocatalysts to modify oils, also presenting how microorganisms, such as yeast, can be designed. In the past ten years, the field has made enormous progress, not only with respect to the tools developed for the development of designer enzymes, but also in the metabolic engineering of microbes, the discovery of novel enzyme activities, and in reaction engineering/process development. For the first time, these advances are covered in a single-volume that is edited by leading enzymatic scientist Uwe Borchscheuer and authored by an international team of experts. Identifies how, and when, to use enzymes and microbes for lipid modification Provides enzymatic, microbial and metabolic techniques for lipid modification Covers lipases, acyltransferases, phospholipases, lipoxygenases, monooxygenases, isomerases and sophorolipids Includes lipid modification for use in food, biofuels, oleochemicals and polymer precursors
Biochemistry of Lipids: Lipoproteins and Membranes, Volume Six, contains concise chapters that cover a wide spectrum of topics in the field of lipid biochemistry and cell biology. It provides an important bridge between broad-based biochemistry textbooks and more technical research publications, offering cohesive, foundational information. It is a valuable tool for advanced graduate students and researchers who are interested in exploring lipid biology in more detail, and includes overviews of lipid biology in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, while also providing fundamental background on the subsequent descriptions of fatty acid synthesis, desaturation and elongation, and the pathways that lead the synthesis of complex phospholipids, sphingolipids, and their structural variants. Also covered are sections on how bioactive lipids are involved in cell signaling with an emphasis on disease implications and pathological consequences. Serves as a general reference book for scientists studying lipids, lipoproteins and membranes and as an advanced and up-to-date textbook for teachers and students who are familiar with the basic concepts of lipid biochemistry References from current literature will be included in each chapter to facilitate more in-depth study Key concepts are supported by figures and models to improve reader understanding Chapters provide historical perspective and current analysis of each topic
The growing interest in recent years in the anchoring to membranes of proteins by post translational modification is documented by the large number of publications which ap peared in this field. In September 1987, scientists from 10 countries from all over the world met in the resort village of Les Diablerets, Switzerland, to discuss the most recent advances made in this field. The sessions were devoted to the anchoring of membrane proteins by cova lent attachment of fatty acids and of glycophospholipids. The workshop brought together many scientists working on vastly different proteins such as the variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosomes and antigens of the mammalian cells. The subject of the workshop unified many scientists who had not met before and thus greatly stimulated interdisciplinary work. In addition to the lectures, each participant was provided with a collection of Methods currently in use in the study of membrane proteins anchored by post-translational modifica tion. An updated version of this collection is now presented as a Laboratory Manual, and the techniques described therein will give researchers easy and practical access to the investiga tion of post-translationally modified proteins. The publication of the present book by Springer follows an established tradition of previously published manuals on the handling of membrane proteins. Our thanks go to the authors who made the essential contribution in writing and adapting the experimental protocols, to Mrs. R.
This volume explores techniques used to detect lipids attached to proteins, to analyze the function of lipid modifications, and to characterize the enzymes that add and remove lipids from proteins. The book is organized into seven parts: Part One describes chemically-based strategies to identify substrates for protein lipidation that can be applied to individual proteins or globally using proteomics. Part Two focuses on the enzymes that remove fatty acids from proteins and provides methods to monitor protein biogenesis and palmitate turnover. Part Three addresses biochemical and cellular characterization of DHHC S-acyltransferases, a family of enzymes with 23 members encoded by the human genome. Part Four presents the SwissPalm 2 database and tips on how to use it effectively. Part Five focuses on fatty acylation that occurs in the lumen of the secretory pathway. Parts Six and Seven conclude the book with methods to produce and assay lipid-modified and integral membrane proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Protein Lipidation: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for experts in the field and for investigators who encounter protein lipidation through their research on a particular cellular process or favorite protein.