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The conceptual metaphor of ""distance"" plays a crucial role in current perceptions of the world and humans' various interactions within it. It hardly seems possible to conceptualize space and time, emotional involvement in events, and relationships with other people in terms other than ""distance"". As a consequence, this primarily spatial concept figures prominently in the verbal expression of these abstract notions, and is thus highly relevant for the analysis of linguistic phenomena. In recen ...
Third language acquisition is a common phenomenon, which presents some specific characteristics as compared to second language acquisition. This volume adopts a psycholinguistic approach in the study of cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition and focuses on the role of previously acquired languages and the conditions that determine their influence.
The present volume collects contributions addressing different aspects of the measurement of linguistic differences, a topic which probably is as old as language itself but at the same time has acquired renewed interest over the last decade or so, reflecting a rapid development of data-intensive computing in all fields of research, including linguistics.
A thorough rewriting to reflect advances in typology and universals in the past decade.
This book is intended for teachers of English.
This updated and revised third edition of the leading reference volume on distance metrics includes new items from very active research areas in the use of distances and metrics such as geometry, graph theory, probability theory and analysis. Among the new topics included are, for example, polyhedral metric space, nearness matrix problems, distances between belief assignments, distance-related animal settings, diamond-cutting distances, natural units of length, Heidegger’s de-severance distance, and brain distances. The publication of this volume coincides with intensifying research efforts into metric spaces and especially distance design for applications. Accurate metrics have become a crucial goal in computational biology, image analysis, speech recognition and information retrieval. Leaving aside the practical questions that arise during the selection of a ‘good’ distance function, this work focuses on providing the research community with an invaluable comprehensive listing of the main available distances. As well as providing standalone introductions and definitions, the encyclopedia facilitates swift cross-referencing with easily navigable bold-faced textual links to core entries. In addition to distances themselves, the authors have collated numerous fascinating curiosities in their Who’s Who of metrics, including distance-related notions and paradigms that enable applied mathematicians in other sectors to deploy research tools that non-specialists justly view as arcane. In expanding access to these techniques, and in many cases enriching the context of distances themselves, this peerless volume is certain to stimulate fresh research.
This international encyclopedia documents and surveys, for the first time, the entire complex of translation as well as the operations and phenomena associated with it. Structured along systematic, historical and geographic lines, it offers a comprehensive and critical account of the current state of knowledge and of international research. The Encyclopedia (1) offers an overview of the different types and branches of translation studies; (2) covers translation phenomena - including the entire range of interlingual, intralingual, and intersemiotic transfer and transformation - in their social, material, linguistic, intellectual, and cultural diversity from diachronic, synchronic, and systematic perspectives, (3) documents and elucidates the most important results of the study of translation to the present day, as well as the current debates, taking into account theoretical assumptions and methodological implications; (4) identifies, where possible, lacunae in existing research, listing priorities and desiderata for further research. The languages of publication are German, English, and French
Do the languages people speak influence their economic decisions and social behavior in multilingual societies? This Handbook brings together scholars from various disciplines to examine the links and tensions between economics and language to find the delicate balance between monetary benefits and psychological costs of linguistic dynamics.
Studying human migratory patterns can help us make sense of evolution, biology, linguistics, and so much more. Human Migration takes readers through population development and their respective origins to create a comprehensive picture of human migratory patterns. This book explores human migration as a major contributor to globalization that facilitates gene flow and the exchange of cultures and languages. It also traces evolutionary success of a hybrid population, the Black Caribs, after their forced relocation from St. Vincent Island to the Bay Islands and Central America. The volume is split into four sections: Theoretical Overview; Ancient DNA and Migration; Regional Migration; Culture and Migration: and Disease and Migration. This division allows for a seamless transition between a broad range of topics, including molecular genetics, linguistics, cultural anthropology, history, archaeology, demography, and genetic epidemiology. Assembled by volume editors and migration specialists María de Lourdes Muñoz-Moreno and Michael H. Crawford, Human Migration creates an opportunity for researchers, professionals, and students from different fields to review and discuss the most recent trends and challenges surrounding migration, genetics, and anthropology.
This textbook approaches the history of English from a theoretical perspective. The book provides a brief chronological overview describing the way in which the English language has changed over time from Old English to Modern English, while subsequent parts adopt a theoretical focus that is thematically organised to deal with the question of how and why English changed in the way it did, including a part addressing some specific contact-induced changes and key topics such as English as a Lingua Franca. Supported throughout with information boxes with empirical studies, the examples given are all drawn from English, but boxes with examples from other languages tie the development of the English language into changes in other contexts and settings. This book is an ideal resource for undergraduate students of the English Language and historical linguistics.