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This book deals with neutral particle flow in a stochastic mixture consisting of two or more immiscible fluids. After giving an introduction to linear kinetic theory and particle transport in a nonstochastic setting, it discusses recent formulations for particle flow through a background material whose properties are only known in a statistical sense. The mixing descriptions considered are both Markovian and renewal statistics. Various models and exact results are presented for the ensemble average of the intensity in such stochastic mixtures. In the Markovian case, the underlying kinetic description is the integro-differential transport equation, whereas for renewal statistics the natural starting point is the purely integral formulation of transport theory.
The aim of the workshop was to promote a better understanding of the connections between recent problems in Theoretical or Computational Mechanics (bounds in composites, phase transitions, microstructure of crystals, optimal design, nonlinear elasticity) and new mathematical tools in the Calculus of Variations (relaxation and Γ-convergence theory, Young and H-measures, compensated compactness and quasiconvexity).
This book of lecture notes contains theoretical background material required for computer generation of random fields, which is of interest in various fields of applied mathematics.The necessary probabilistic background suitable for applied work in engineering as well as signal and image processing is also covered.The book is a valuable guide for higher level engineering students.
This is a collection of papers dedicated to Prof T C Woo to mark his 70th birthday. The papers focus on recent advances in elasticity, viscoelasticity and inelasticity, which are related to Prof Woo's work. Prof Woo's recent work concentrates on the viscoelastic and viscoplastic response of metals and plastics when thermal effects are significant, and the papers here address open questions in these and related areas.
Thereexistawiderangeofapplicationswhereasigni?cantfractionofthe- mentum and energy present in a physical problem is carried by the transport of particles. Depending on the speci?capplication, the particles involved may be photons, neutrons, neutrinos, or charged particles. Regardless of which phenomena is being described, at the heart of each application is the fact that a Boltzmann like transport equation has to be solved. The complexity, and hence expense, involved in solving the transport problem can be understood by realizing that the general solution to the 3D Boltzmann transport equation is in fact really seven dimensional: 3 spatial coordinates, 2 angles, 1 time, and 1 for speed or energy. Low-order appro- mations to the transport equation are frequently used due in part to physical justi?cation but many in cases, simply because a solution to the full tra- port problem is too computationally expensive. An example is the di?usion equation, which e?ectively drops the two angles in phase space by assuming that a linear representation in angle is adequate. Another approximation is the grey approximation, which drops the energy variable by averaging over it. If the grey approximation is applied to the di?usion equation, the expense of solving what amounts to the simplest possible description of transport is roughly equal to the cost of implicit computational ?uid dynamics. It is clear therefore, that for those application areas needing some form of transport, fast, accurate and robust transport algorithms can lead to an increase in overall code performance and a decrease in time to solution.
This book deals with analytic problems related to some developments and generalizations of the Boltzmann equation toward the modeling and qualitative analysis of large systems that are of interest in applied sciences. These generalizations are documented in the various surveys edited by Bellomo and Pulvirenti with reference to models of granular media, traffic flow, mathematical biology, communication networks, and coagulation models. The first generalization dealt with refers to the averaged Boltzmann equation, which is obtained by suitable averaging of the distribution function of the field particles into the action domain of the test particle. This model is further developed to describe equations with dissipative collisions and a class of models that are of interest in mathematical biology. In this latter case the state of the particles is defined not only by a mechanical variable but also by a biological microscopic state.
This volume collects the articles presented at the Third International Conference on ?The Navier-Stokes Equations: Theory and Numerical Methods?, held in Oberwolfach, Germany. The articles are important contributions to a wide variety of topics in the Navier-Stokes theory: general boundary conditions, flow exterior to an obstacle, conical boundary points, the controllability of solutions, compressible flow, non-Newtonian flow, magneto-hydrodynamics, thermal convection, the interaction of fluids with elastic solids, the regularity of solutions, and Rothe's method of approximation.
This book summarizes results on the creation of a new theory of condensation which has an impact on consideration of some microscopic effects left aside in the usual nucleation theories. In particular, the main idea of the authors' microscopic condensation theory is that it considers the violation of the equilibrium cluster distribution over the internal degrees of freedom due to co-occurring condensation and decay reactions of the clusters.
This book is based on the idea that Boltzmann-like modelling methods can be developed to design, with special attention to applied sciences, kinetic-type models which are called generalized kinetic models. In particular, these models appear in evolution equations for the statistical distribution over the physical state of each individual of a large population. The evolution is determined both by interactions among individuals and by external actions.Considering that generalized kinetic models can play an important role in dealing with several interesting systems in applied sciences, the book provides a unified presentation of this topic with direct reference to modelling, mathematical statement of problems, qualitative and computational analysis, and applications. Models reported and proposed in the book refer to several fields of natural, applied and technological sciences. In particular, the following classes of models are discussed: population dynamics and socio-economic behaviours, models of aggregation and fragmentation phenomena, models of biology and immunology, traffic flow models, models of mixtures and particles undergoing classic and dissipative interactions.