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This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alpha Olefins (LAO) production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to INEOS process. In this process, Linear Alpha Olefins ranging from C4 to C16 are generated. Ethylene oligomerization is carried out in a reaction with triethylaluminum (TEA) produced on site, increasing the chain of the alkyls bonded aluminum. After some purification steps, the reaction product is reacted once again with ethylene, in such a way that ethylene displaces the long chains bonded to aluminum, generating the target Linear Alpha Olefins and regenerating TEA in its original form. TEA is purified and recycled. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Olefins, Higher", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition (2) US Patent 4935569, issued to Ethyl Corporation in 1990 Keywords: Ethene, Ethylene Oligomerization, Two-Step Ziegler Process, Ethyl Corporation, BP Amoco, Albemarle Corporation, Triethylaluminum, TEA
This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alpha Olefins (LAO) production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to Shell Higher Olefins Process (SHOP). In this process, ethylene is oligomerized to produce Linear Alpha Olefins ranging mostly from C4 to C30. Olefins ranging from C4 to C18 are recovered as separate products, while higher olefins are mixed with a portion of the 1-butene generated, isomerized to internal olefins and disproportionated to internal olefins ranging from C11 to C14. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Olefins, Higher", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: Ethene, Ethylene Oligomerization, Internal Olefins
This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alpha Olefins (LAO) production from ethylene The process examined is similar to Alpha-SABLIN process (jointly developed by SABIC and Linde). In this process, ethylene is oligomerized to produce Linear Alpha Olefins ranging from C4 to C12+. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patent 20090216057, issued to Sabic in 2009 Keywords: Ethene, Ethylene Oligomerization, Zirconium Compound Catalyst
This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alpha Olefins (LAO) production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to Chevron Phillips process. In this process, ethylene is oligomerized to produce Linear Alpha Olefins ranging from C4 to C30+. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Olefins, Higher", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition (2) US Patent 5510556, issued to Chevron in 1996 Keywords: Ethene, Ethylene Oligomerization, Gulf Oil Chemicals Company
This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alpha Olefins (LAO) production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to DuPont Versipol process. In this process, ethylene is oligomerized to produce Linear Alpha Olefins ranging from C4 to C12+. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patent 7297806, issued to DuPont in 2007 Keywords: Ethene, Ethylene Oligomerization
This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alpha Olefins (LAO) production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to Sasol Technology process. In this process, ethylene is oligomerized to produce Linear Alpha Olefins, mainly C6 and C8. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Ethene, Ethylene Oligomerization, Trimerization, Tetramerization, 1-Hexene, 1-Octene
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The twelfth-century French poet Chrétien de Troyes is a major figure in European literature. His courtly romances fathered the Arthurian tradition and influenced countless other poets in England as well as on the continent. Yet because of the difficulty of capturing his swift-moving style in translation, English-speaking audiences are largely unfamiliar with the pleasures of reading his poems. Now, for the first time, an experienced translator of medieval verse who is himself a poet provides a translation of Chrétien’s major poem, Yvain, in verse that fully and satisfyingly captures the movement, the sense, and the spirit of the Old French original. Yvain is a courtly romance with a moral tenor; it is ironic and sometimes bawdy; the poetry is crisp and vivid. In addition, the psychological and the socio-historical perceptions of the poem are of profound literary and historical importance, for it evokes the emotions and the values of a flourishing, vibrant medieval past.
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