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This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) production from C10-C13 n-paraffins cut and benzene. The process examined is a typical dehydrogenation/alkylation process. In the process examined, the C10-C13 n-paraffins are dehydrogenated to their respectives olefins, which are further alkylated with benzene to produce the Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: LAB, Linear Alkyl Benzene, Linear Paraffins, UOP, Pacol Process, DeFine Process, PEP Process
This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) production from linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and oleum. The process examined is a conventional sulfonation process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Fuming Sulfuric Acid, Acid Slurry, LABS
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from pyrolysis gasoline (pygas). The process examined is a typical extractive distillation process. First pygas is fractionated into 3 hydrocarbon cuts, a C5s stream and a heavies stream are generated as by-products. The remaining C6s fraction is then fed to an extractive distillation system to recover benzene. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: BTX, Aromatics, Hydrotreatment, Diprolene, Distapex, Lurgi, ED
This report presents a cost analysis of Ethylbenzene (EB) production from benzene and polymer grade (PG) ethylene. The process examined is a typical liquid-phase alkylation process using zeolite catalyst. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Ethylbenzene, Ethylene, Benzene, Alkylation, CB&I Lummus/UOP EB One, ExxonMobil/Badger EB Max, Polimeri Europa, Zeolite
This report presents a cost analysis of 1-Hexene production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to the trimerization process owned by Chevron Phillips. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patent 6455648, issued to Chevron Philips Chemical Company in 2002 Keywords: Linear Alpha Olefins, LAO, Ethylene, Trimerization, Chevron Phillips
This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Alpha Olefins (LAO) production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to Shell Higher Olefins Process (SHOP). In this process, ethylene is oligomerized to produce Linear Alpha Olefins ranging from C4 to C20. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Olefins, Higher", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: Ethene, Ethylene Oligomerization, Internal Olefins
This report presents a cost analysis of Nitrobenzene production from benzene and nitric acid. The process examined is similar to NORAM's adiabatic benzene nitration process. In this process, benzene, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid are sent to a plug-flow nitrator containing jet-impingement elements. The product from nitration is washed and purified, producing technical-grade Nitrobenzene. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20110245547, issued to NORAM International Limited in 2011 (2) "Nitrobenzene and Nitrotoluene", McKetta, J. J. and Cunningham, W. A.. Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, Vol. 31 Keywords: NORAM, Benzene Nitration
This report presents a cost analysis of Butenes production from ethylene using a dimerization process. The process examined is similar to CB&I Lummus Ethylene Dimerization Technology. In this process, gasoline and fuel oil are generated as by-products. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patent 4242531, issued to Phillips Petroleum Company in 1980 Keywords: Olefins Dimerization, Ethene, Butylene, n-Butene, 2-Butene, Loop Reactor
This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl Chloride production from methanol and hydrogen chloride The process examined is a typical catalytic vapor phase process. In this process, methanol and anhydrous HCl are combined in vapor phase and passed through a catalyst bed. Reactor vapor outlet is quenched, dried by sulfuric acid scrubbing and then purified to generate high-purity Methyl Chloride. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Chloromethanes", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012; (2) Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, 2012 Keywords: Chloromethane, R-40, HCC-40, chlorosilanes production
This report presents a cost analysis of polymer grade (PG) Ethylene production from ethane feedstock using a typical steam cracking process. In this process, ethane is thermally cracked in pyrolysis furnaces through the use of steam. In addition to polymer grade Ethylene, the process also generates a methane-rich gas (used as fuel in the cracking furnaces) and hydrogen-rich gas, sold as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Ethylene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Ethene, Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis, Cracking Furnace, Lummus, KBR, Technip, Linde, S&W