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In the present era dominated by computers, graph theory has come into its own as an area of mathematics, prominent for both its theory and its applications. One of the richest and most studied types of graph structures is that of the line graph, where the focus is more on the edges of a graph than on the vertices. A subject worthy of exploration in itself, line graphs are closely connected to other areas of mathematics and computer science. This book is unique in its extensive coverage of many areas of graph theory applicable to line graphs. The book has three parts. Part I covers line graphs and their properties, while Part II looks at features that apply specifically to directed graphs, and Part III presents generalizations and variations of both line graphs and line digraphs. Line Graphs and Line Digraphs is the first comprehensive monograph on the topic. With minimal prerequisites, the book is accessible to most mathematicians and computer scientists who have had an introduction graph theory, and will be a valuable reference for researchers working in graph theory and related fields.
"Practical recipes for visualizing data"--Cover.
Line graphs are the perfect way to show how something changes over time. They can display how fast someone is growing, how many books they read each week, or how much money they make or lose over time. This book shows that line graphs are easy to read and fun to make! Questions within the text and an answer key help readers measure their understanding of this important math concept.
Readers will discover line graphs through examples that include waiting to ride a roller coaster, recording sales at a lemonade stand, and counting clouds. Colorful graphs teach readers, while fun illustrations keep their attention. Activities help readers explore the topic further.
Introduction -- Forbidden subgraphs -- Root systems -- Regular graphs -- Star complements -- The Maximal exceptional graphs -- Miscellaneous results.
Neutrosophic vague graphs are employed as a mathematical key to hold an imprecise and unspecified data. Vague sets gives more intuitive graphical notation of vague information, that delicates crucially better analysis in data relationships, incompleteness and similarity measures. In this paper, the neutrosophic bipolar vague line graphs are introduced. The necessary and sufficient condition for a line graph to be neutrosophic bipolar vague line graph is provided. Further, homomorphism, weak vertex and weak line isomorphism are discussed. The given results are illustrated with suitable example.