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Créé en 1986, le Fonds de Garantie des victimes des actes de terrorisme et d'autres infractions (FGTI) remplit aujourd'hui trois missions : indemniser les victimes d'actes de terrorisme, les victimes d'infractions et aider les victimes à recouvrer les dommages et intérêts obtenus par décision de justice. Le 20 janvier 2012, le FGTI organisait un colloque sur l'indemnisation des victimes d'infractions. Voici les interventions qui ont fait la richesse de l'événement.
Il semble que l'indemnisation des victimes d'infractions peut remplir deux fonctions en matière pénale ; d'une part, l'indemnisation peut être conçue comme une obligation au profit de la victime, sans qu'elle soit issue de sa demande. Dans ce cas-là, l'indemnisation s'avère soit une peine pénale, c'est l'exemple notamment de la sanction-réparation, soit une sorte de substitut à la peine pénale, comme dans le cadre de l'aménagement de la peine par exemple. D'autre part, et sous l'influence de la justice restaurative, l'indemnisation des victimes est censée de jouer un rôle important pour qu'une réconciliation, à la fois entre la société et le délinquant, mais aussi entre celui-ci et la victime puisse avoir lieu. C'est l'exemple de la médiation pénale. Toutefois, cette seconde fonction de l'indemnisation qui est relativement récente, agite l'esprit dans la mesure où le droit pénal doit se distingué du droit civil, or la réconciliation qui se fonde sur le consensualisme, ne favorise pas nécessairement cette distinction.
This edited volume contains 22 papers organized into three sections under the following headings: part I is entitled On Promoting Victim Policies; Part II On Reforming Criminal Justice; and Part III On Restorative Justice. All three areas are ones to which Tony Peters, former Professor of Criminology in Leuven, has made a significant contribution and for which he is known as an international authority. During his long and productive academic career Tony Peters led many struggles for criminal justice reform. He was a leading figure in the movement to recognize crime victims' plight and to reaffirm their rights. In Belgium, he spearheaded the early initiatives in restorative justice and became one of its outspoken proponents nationally and internationally. There is no doubt that these three major topics and the various developments and reforms that are addressed in the papers will dominate the thinking about, and the practice of, criminal justice in the years to come. Thus, in addition to paying homage to a congenial friend and an illustrious colleague, it is hoped that this book will appeal and prove useful to all those who have an interest in victims issues, in criminal justice reform, and last but not least, in the promising paradigm of restorative justice.
The new Edition of the report of the European Commission for the Efciency of Justice (CEPEJ), which evaluates the functioning of the judicial systems in 45 Council of Europe’s member states and an observer state to the CEPEJ, Israël, remains in line with the process carried out since 2002. Relying on a methodology which is already a reference for collecting and processing a wide number of quantitative and qualitative judicial data, this unique study has been conceived above all as a tool for public policy aimed at improving the efciency and the quality of justice. To have the knowledge in order to be able to understand, analyse and reform, such is the objective of the CEPEJ which has prepared this report, intended for policy makers, legal practitioners, researchers as well as for those who are interested in the functioning of justice in Europe.