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A survey of theoretical and experimental research, this book covers all areas of lightning phenomenology. The four sections cover models of fundamental lightning processes, propagation of lightning-induced signals, measurement of lightning parameters, and lightning interaction with systems. The book provides an excellent review of the use of models to support remote sensing efforts. It includes data on high-frequency radiated fields for lightening and an overview of the data available in the frequency and time domains for lightning. The book also presents spectoral and temporal characteristics of lightning in the VHF-UHF frequency range and uses photographic and electromagnetic measurements to examine how lighting chooses a strike point.
This book provides the theory, mathematics and computational tools that are necessary to model each and every one of the processes associated with lightning discharges. This is essential information for a newcomer to the subject as well as for experienced scientists working in this field. Indeed, it is only through exercising various models and mathematical simulations that one can understand the basics mechanisms associated with the generation and interactions of the electric and magnetic fields of thunderclouds and lightning. This book would appeal to undergraduate and post graduate Physics and Engineering Students, Lightning Protection and EMC Engineers and those working within the areas of Electrical Engineering, Computer engineering and Physics. This book provides the rules and computations procedures to bridge this physical understanding with high level computational procedures to model each and every electromagnetic process, whether static or dynamic, and their effects and interactions. This book makes it possible for the reader to apply the knowledge gained from these books such as The Lightning Flash, IET 2003 and Lightning Protection, IET 2010 and obtain first hand experience through simulations on the processes generating the electromagnetic field of thunderclouds and lightning flashes and the effects of these electromagnetic fields. They will also experience how the results described in these books will emerge when Maxwell's equations are combined with basic laws conservation laws of nature and physics of electrical discharges. Uniquely, the information provided in this book is not limited to lightning scientists and lightning protection engineers alone. The procedures used to study the interaction of lightning electromagnetic fields with structures, power lines and telecommunication systems can also be used to study the interaction of the said components with electromagnetic fields generated by any radio transmitter.
Offers a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the area of computational electromagnetics Computational Method in Electromagnetic Compatibility offers a review of the most recent advances in computational electromagnetics. The authors—noted experts in the field—examine similar problems by taking different approaches related to antenna theory models and transmission line methods. They discuss various solution methods related to boundary integral equation techniques and finite difference techniques. The topics covered are related to realistic antenna systems including antennas for air traffic control or ground penetrating radar antennas; grounding systems (such as grounding systems for wind turbines); biomedical applications of electromagnetic fields (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation); and much more. The text features a number of illustrative computational examples and a reference list at the end of each chapter. The book is grounded in a rigorous theoretical approach and offers mathematical details of the formulations and solution methods. This important text: Provides a trade-off between a highly efficient transmission line approach and antenna theory models providing analysis of high frequency and transient phenomena Contains the newest information on EMC analysis and design principles Discusses electromagnetic field coupling to thin wire configurations and modeling in bioelectromagnetics Written for engineering students, senior researchers and practicing electrical engineers, Computational Method in Electromagnetic Compatibility provides a valuable resource in the design of equipment working in a common electromagnetic environment.
This is the first book that comprehensively addresses the issues relating to the effects of radio frequency (RF) signals and the environment of electrical and electronic systems. It covers testing methods as well as methods to analyze radio frequency. The generation of high-powered electromagnetic (HPEM) environments, including moderate band damped sinusoidal radiators and hyperband radiating systems is explored. HPEM effects on component, circuit, sub-system electronics, as well as system level drawing are discussed. The effects of HPEM on experimental techniques and the standards which can be used to control tests are described. The validity of analytical techniques and computational modeling in a HPEM effects context is also discussed. Insight on HPEM effects experimental techniques and the standards which can be used to control tests is provided, and the validity of analytical techniques and computational modeling in a HPEM effects context is discussed. This book dispels myths, clarifies good experimental practice and ultimately draws conclusions on the HPEM interaction with electronics. Readers will learn to consider the importance of HPEM phenomena as a threat to modern electronic based technologies which underpin society and to therefore be pre-emptive in the consideration of HPEM resilience.
This book about lightning summarizes the essence of physics and effects of lightning in a non-technical manner and provides an up-to-date description of the phenomenon of lightning in simple language. Starting with the myths related to lightning, the reader is introduced to the mechanism of lightning flashes and their interactions with humans, human-made systems and Earth’s environment. Most of the available books on lightning are written for the experts in the field and there is a need for a book that introduces the undergraduate and beginning post graduate students to the subject of lightning and prepares them for more advanced books meant for the experts. This introductory book, which is based on a series of lectures given to undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrical engineering, is intended to fill this need. Tailored to the needs of university students who plan to study electrical engineering, meteorology, environmental or basic physics, it is also a valuable reference resource for laymen who are interested in knowing more on this phenomenon.
Lightning: Physics and Effects is the first book that covers essentially all aspects of lightning, including lightning physics, lightning protection and the interaction of lightning with a variety of objects and systems as well as with the environment. It is written in a style that will be accessible to the technical non-expert and is addressed to anyone interested in lightning and its effects. This will include physicists, engineers working in the power, communications, computer and aviation industries, meteorologists, atmospheric chemists, foresters, ecologists, physicians working in the area of electrical trauma and architects. This comprehensive reference volume contains over 300 illustrations, 70 tables containing quantitative information and a bibliography of more than 6000 references.
The participation of such diverse scientific and technical disciplines as meteorology, astronomy, atmospheric electricity, ionospheric and magnetospheric physics, electromagnetic wave propagation, and radio techniques in the research of atmospherics means that results are published in scientific papers widely spread throughout the literature. This Handbook collects the latest knowledge on atmospherics and presents it in two volumes. Each chapter is written by an expert in his or her field. Topics include the physics of thunderclouds, thunder, global atmospheric electric currents, biological aspects of sferics, and various space techniques for detecting lightning within our own atmosphere as well as in the atmospheres of other planets. Up-to-date applications and methodology are detailed. Volumes I and II offer a comprehensive discussion that together will serve as an important resource for practitioners, professionals, and students alike.
The major emphasis of this book is on physical mechanisms and sources of the ULF/ELF natural electromagnetic fields noises. In the course of this text, some of these mechanisms of magnetospheric origin will be treated in detail and others in a more sketchy fashion, while the global electromagnetic resonances excited by lightning activity and other sources are the priority. The interested reader is referred to the books cited in the text for details about the ULF/ELF fields of magnetospheric origin. Much emphasis is put on studies of electromagnetic phenomena caused by rock deformation/fracture including the ULF/ELF effects possibly associated with tectonic activity, earthquakes and other natural disasters. One of the challenges of this research is to fully understand electromagnetic effects and physical processes in the rocks deep in the Earth’s crust.
This book gives a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the physics of lightning and protection systems, based on nearly 40 years of research, teaching, and consultancy work in this area. The book begins with an overview of the climatology of lightning and electric storms, as well as giving insight into lightning discharge from the preliminary discharges or processes such as corona, stepped leader, and subsequent return strokes, including the important submicrosecond threats and continuous current. The subsequent chapters present measures of lightning threat analysis to aircraft and electric power systems, protection measures to be used in high-voltage to low-voltage computer and communication systems, as well as to commercial and domestic buildings. The book discusses challenges posed by the submicrosecond lighting current changes and climate change to present and future high-voltage apparatus and structures (including carbon composite aircraft and new buildings) exposed to lightning strikes. Including worked examples, illustrations, and detailed analysis, Lightening Engineering will be of interest to electrical engineers, as well as researchers and graduate students.
This book is based on the updated versions of a lively mixture of tutorials, topical papers, and scientific and technological contributions collected from the International URSI Symposium on Environmental and Space Electromagnetics held in Tokyo on 4-6 September, 1989. It was sponsored by the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) as an activity of Commission E (Chairman: present editor) preceding the URSI General Assembly in Prague, Czechoslovakia in 1990. The aim was an exchange of information and views to highlight the state of the art in radio science and interdisciplinary areas. Along this line, the editor has attempted to cover quite new, novel or unconventional subjects besides more traditional or conventional ones. Although a great many subjects have apparently been covered, this book has been edited so the reader can find some common concepts or views presented. On this basis, a group of many subjects can be treated in a unified fashion, and new ideas and views can be gained as a most valuable addition to current knowledge. This is one of the major features of this volume that cannot be found in any of the monographs or proceedings that cover a narrow range oflimited topics. Its broad scope does not stand for presentation in a superficial and shallow manner, but stands for a strong focus on the search for a common nature in basic concepts or views in apparently diverse subjects, and a focus on the advanced or innovatory nature of each contribution.