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Are older drivers posing increasing risk to the public? If so, what public policies might mitigate that risk? Older drivers (those 65 and older) are slightly likelier than drivers aged 25 to 64 to cause an accident, but drivers aged 15 to 24 are nearly three times likelier than older drivers to do so. The authors of this paper conclude that stricter licensing policies targeting older drivers would likely not improve traffic safety substantially.
As people age, their physical, visual, & cognitive abilities may decline, making it more difficult for them to drive safely. Older drivers are also more likely to suffer injuries or die in crashes than drivers in other age groups. These safety issues will increase in significance because older adults represent the fastest-growing U.S. population segment. This report examined: (1) what the fed. gov¿t. has done to promote practices to make roads safer for older drivers & the extent to which states have implemented those practices; (2) the extent to which states assess the fitness of older drivers & what support the fed. gov¿t. has provided; & (3) what initiatives selected states have implemented to improve the safety of older drivers. Includes recommendations. Illustrations.
Drivers over the age of 65 are involved in automobile accidents at higher rates of any age group except youth drivers. In recent years, states have begun to adopt more stringent requirements for elderly drivers seeking to renew their licenses. Various provisions targeting older drivers include vision screenings, knowledge tests, restrictions on renewal-by-mail, and accelerated renewal cycles. I seek to show factors common to states that use these renewal provisions to determine what causes a state to have increased or lax restrictions on elderly license renewal. Using fatality accident data, I will determine which licensing renewal provisions are responsible for decreased accident rates. In conjunction with this quantitative analysis, I will conduct three case studies of state elderly driver policies for Florida (large elderly population), Illinois (stringent renewal provisions), and Pennsylvania (medical review practices). Based on my findings, I do not have enough data to determine which specific renewal provisions, if any, are effective in reducing accidents involving elderly drivers. Furthermore, the political climate in most states prevents legislatures from enacting these types of renewal policies. While further study of renewal policies is merited, states should also look towards non-age based screening processes that focus on a driver's capabilities when selecting drivers for further safety testing, and infrastructure changes to accommodate the deficiencies in aging drivers' abilities. These are effective approaches to addressing elevated senior citizen accident rates that are a more politically palatable solution, and hence more likely to be successfully enacted.
The population of adults 65 and older is the fastest growing demographic in the United States. It is estimated that by 2030, drivers over 65 will represent a quarter of total driver fatalities. When comparing the crash rates per mile driven of various age groups, the data resemble a U-shaped curve. Young drivers have the highest crash rate, which drops as drivers leave their teens. After age 25, the crash rate remains low until around age 70 when it begins to increase again. This U-shaped trend on crashes per mile driven has been found in many studies in many countries. Given the increase in crash rates around age 70, there should be a significant safety benefit in identifying potential problem older drivers before they are involved in a serious crash. The driver licensing process is one potential point for an intervention. This book discusses the examinations of licensing procedures and driver skills evaluation in relation to older drivers.