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El presente estudio es la primera monografía que analiza los vocabularios de las lenguas indígenas en su conjunto. Agrupa, de modo ordenado y completo, los vocabularios compilados por los misioneros de las distintas órdenes religiosas durante la etapa colonial (1550-1800), tanto los que están localizados, como los que se encuentran en paradero desconocido. En general, comparten propósito y técnica de elaboración, y se constituyen como una tradición dentro de la historia de la lexicografía bilingüe hispánica.
Lexicografía hispánica/The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Lexicography presenta una panorámica integrada de la lexicografía del español. Supone un informe del estado actual y una prospectiva de futuro de la lexicografía de esta lengua bajo las posibilidades que hoy ofrece su tratamiento informático. Principales características: Capítulos dedicados a los aspectos semánticos, sintácticos, morfológicos, fonéticos, pragmáticos y ortográficos que recogen y permiten los diccionarios Análisis de rasgos ideológicos y antropológicos y atención a las consultas de los usuarios en busca de información Revisión sobre las tecnologías y los métodos actuales para la elaboración de diccionarios Estado de la cuestión sobre la investigación lexicográfica en la actualidad Análisis detallado de diccionarios generales, especializados y bilingües Lexicografía hispánica/The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Lexicography es una obra pensada para tener una visión global de la realidad, de las posibilidades y de las necesidades actuales en un sector vital de la lingüística aplicada y el procesamiento del español. Se trata de un recurso fundamental tanto para profesores como para estudiantes de lexicografía del español y de lingüística. Lexicografía hispánica / The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Lexicography offers an integrated perspective on the lexicography of Spanish. It presents a report on the current state and insight on the future of the lexicography of Spanish relying on the possibilities that computer processing provides. Main features: Chapters that cover the semantic, syntactic, morphological, phonetic, pragmatic and orthographic aspects that are considered in dictionaries. Analyses of ideological and anthropological traits and a focus on the queries of users when searching for information. A revision of the current technology and methods for creating dictionaries. Current state of the art research on lexicography. A detailed analysis of general, specialized and bilingual dictionaries. Lexicografía hispánica / The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Lexicography proposes a global overview of the reality, the possibilities and the needs of today in an essential branch of applied linguistics and the treatment of Spanish. This is an essential resource for instructors and students of Spanish lexicography and of linguistics.
Las lenguas de las Américas - the Languages of the Americas takes the reader on a journey through twenty chapters addressing the languages of the Americas all the way from Canada and the USA to Argentina and Brazil. The authors are international experts who have written mainly in Spanish and English, but in a few cases also in French, Portuguese and German. The book deals with the languages of the descendants of the first Americans; it gives an insight into the American varieties of English, French, Portuguese and Spanish; it explores the outcome of the long-lasting coexistence of various autochthonous and European languages; it also looks into some very specific hybrid forms of locally or regionally unique varieties in the Americas, focusing on creolization, code-switching and translanguaging resulting from language contact. The languages and linguistic varieties dealt with in this book are numerous and so are the approaches and methods applied; most are mainly synchronic, but some are also diachronic. All in all, the book has managed to draw a succinct and representative portrait of the multifaceted linguistic landscapes of the Americas.
This monograph aims to shed light on the linguistic endeavors and educational practices employed by 17th century Spanish Dominicans in their efforts to understand and disseminate knowledge of the Chinese language during this historical period. Ample attention is dedicated to the evolution of Chinese grammars and dictionaries by these authors. Central to the monograph is the manuscript “Marsh 696”, which comprises a Chinese-Spanish dictionary and a fragmentary Spanish grammar of Mandarin Chinese, a hitherto unknown and unpublished anonymous and undated text entitled Arte de lengua mandarina. This text is probably a fragment of the earliest grammar written by a Westerner of Mandarin Chinese (completed in Manila in c.1641), previously presumed lost. It is presented here as a facsimile, a transcription of the Spanish text and an English translation alongside a detailed linguistic analysis. The historical framework outlined in this monograph spans from the predecessors of Francisco Díaz (1606–1646) around 1620, including the Jesuit linguistic production in mainland China and Early Manila Hokkien sources, to the era wherein Antonio Díaz (1667–1715) finalized his revised version of Francisco Díaz’s dictionary. The monograph scrutinizes these texts in relation to the linguistic contributions of Francisco Varo (1627–1687). Additionally, the monograph incorporates other unpublished texts that are significant for reconstructing the educational curriculum for teaching and learning Chinese by Dominican friars during this period.
When the first European missionaries arrived on other continents, it was decided that the indigenous languages would be used as the means of christianization. There emerged the need to produce grammars and dictionaries of those languages. The study of this linguistic material has so far not received sufficient attention in the field of linguistic historiography. This volume is the first published collection of papers on missionary linguistics world-wide; it represents the insights of recent research, containing an introduction and papers on methodology, meta-historiography, the historical and cultural background. The book contains studies about early-modern linguistic works written in Spanish, Portuguese, English and French, describing among others indigenous languages from North America and Australia, Maya, Quechua, Xhosa, Japanese, Kapampangan, and Visaya. Topics dealt with include: innovations of individual missionaries in lexicography, grammatical analysis, phonology, morphology, or syntax; creativity in descriptive techniques; differences and/or similarities of works from different continents, and different religious backgrounds (Catholic or Protestant).
A lot of what we know about “exotic languages” is owed to the linguistic activities of missionaries. They had the languages put into writing, described their grammar and lexicon, and worked towards a standardization, which often came with Eurocentric manipulation. Colonial missionary work as intellectual (religious) conquest formed part of the Europeans' political colonial rule, although it sometimes went against the specific objectives of the official administration. In most cases, it did not help to stop (or even reinforced) the displacement and discrimination of those languages, despite oftentimes providing their very first (sometimes remarkable, sometimes incorrect) descriptions. This volume presents exemplary studies on Catholic and Protestant missionary linguistics, in the framework of the respective colonial situation and policies under Spanish, German, or British rule. The contributions cover colonial contexts in Latin America, Africa, and Asia across the centuries. They demonstrate how missionaries dealing with linguistic analyses and descriptions cooperated with colonial institutions and how their linguistic knowledge contributed to European domination.
This volume presents the results of in-depth studies of grammars, vocabularies, and religious texts, dating from the sixteenth - nineteenth century. The researches involve twenty indigenous Mesoamerican and South American languages, including: Nahuatl (Mexico), Pukina (Peru); Tehuelche (Patagonia).
Love Songs from al-Andalus presents an updated survey of the debates concerning Andalusian strophic poetry and their Kharjas. Attention is focused on the texts themselves and their literary implications as testimonies of the multicultural and multilingual society of al-Andalus. Since languages and alphabets of the three major religions have been used, these texts are studies historically, prosodically, thematically and stylistically and are related to the three literary traditions. One of the novelties of this study is the fact that it has been based upon the most updated edition and interpretations of the texts introducing emendations in over a third of its contents and making obsolete most of the hundreds of previous articles and books on the topic. Another novelty is the fact that stylistic features have been studied according to the Arabic model, casting new light on them. The survey of thematic relationships and the analysis of code-switching phenomena add weight to the conclusions of this research.
Even though women have been historically underrepresented in official histories and literary and artistic traditions, their voices and writings can be found in abundance in the many archives of the world where they remain to be uncovered. The present volume seeks to recover women’s voices and actions while studying the mechanisms through which they authorized themselves and participated in the creation of texts and documents found in archives of colonial Latin America. Organized according to three main themes, "Censorship and the Body," "Female Authority and Legal Discourse," and "Private Lives and Public Opinions," the essays in this collection focus on women’s knowledge and the discursive traces of their daily concerns found in various colonial genres. Herein we consider women not only as agents of history, but rather as authors of written records produced either by their own hand or by means of dictations, collaborations, or rewritings of their oral renditions. Inhabiting the territories of the Iberian colonies from Peru to New Spain, the women studied in this volume come from different ethnic and social backgrounds, from African slaves to the indigenous elite and to those who arrived from Iberia and were known as "Old Christians." Finally, we have prepared this volume in hopes that the readers will find a particular appeal in archival sources, in lesser-known documents, and in the processes involved in the circulation of knowledge and print culture between the 1500s and the late 1700s.