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Spanish, British, and French explorers reached the Pacific Northwest before Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The American captains benefited from those predecessors, even carrying with them copies of their published accounts. James Cook, George Vancouver, and Alexander Mackenzie--and to a lesser extent fur traders John Meares and Robert Gray--directly and indirectly influenced the expedition. Based on new material as well as revised essays from popular history journals, Lewis and Clark Reframed examines several curious and seemingly inexplicable aspects of the journey after the Corps of Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains. The captains’ journals demonstrate that they relied on Mackenzie’s 1801 Voyages from Montreal as a trail guide. They borrowed field techniques and favorite literary expressions--at times plagiarizing entire paragraphs. Cook’s literature also informed the pair, and his naming conventions evoke fresh ideas about an enduring expedition mystery--the identity of the two or three journalists whose records are now missing. Additional journal text analysis dispels the notion that the captains were equals, despite expedition lore. Lewis claimed all the epochal discoveries for himself, and in one of his more memorable passages, drew on Mackenzie for inspiration. Parallels between Cook’s and other exploratory accounts offer evidence that like many long-distance voyagers, Lewis grappled with homesickness. His friendship with Mahlon Dickerson lends insights into Lewis’s shortcomings and eventual undoing. As secretary of the navy, Dickerson drew from Lewis’s troubled past to impede the 1840s ocean expedition set to emulate Cook and solidify America’s claim, through Lewis and Clark, to the region.
"A former Washington State Historical Society director examines the Corps of Discovery's journey after they crossed the Rocky Mountains. He places curious and seemingly inexplicable aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expedition story into a broader historical context, and reveals how earlier explorers and fur traders influenced the American captains"--
River of Promise focuses on often-overlooked yet essential aspects of the Lewis and Clark expedition: locating the headwaters of the Columbia and a water route to the Pacific Ocean; William Clark's role as the partnership's primary geographic problem-solver; and the contributions of Indian leaders in Columbia River country. The volume also offers comparisons to other explorers and a provocative analysis of Lewis's 1809 suicide. Originally published by The Dakota Institute.
Many aspects of the Corps of Discovery's epic journey across the United States and back are well known- how President Thomas Jefferson gave a mandate to Meriwether Lewis in 1803 to explore the continent from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean; how Lewis chose his good friend William Clark to be his companion in leadership; how Sacagawea, a young Native American mother with a newborn child, joined the expedition by chance and was instrumental to its success; how everyone had long since assumed the explorers were dead by the time they retuned in the fall of 1806. But do you know the whole story? It Happened on the Lewis and Clark Expedition gives readers inside information on the Corps of Discovery's awesome feats and accomplishments as they traveled into the unknown and mapped a route across the vast western territory of the United States. Did you know that the expedition had a deserter during its early days? That before the arrival of Lewis and a band of men, the Shoshone had never seen whites: or that Seaman, the giant Newfoundland who was part of the team and an honored pet, made it all the way to the Pacific and back? Enjoy these stories and more as author Erin H. Turner, in an easy-to-read style that is entertaining and informative, recounts captivating moments from our nation's early history.
Chronicles the journey of the 1804-1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition up the Missouri River, through the Rocky Mountains, and finally to the Pacific Coast.
Captain Cook Rediscovered is the first modern study to frame Captain James Cook’s career from a North American vantage. Although Cook is inextricably linked to the South Pacific in the popular imagination, his crowning navigational and scientific achievements took place in the polar regions. David L. Nicandri acknowledges the cartographic accomplishments of the Australasian first voyage but focuses on the second- and third-voyage discovery missions in the extreme latitudes, where Cook pioneered the science of iceberg and icepack formation. A truly modern appraisal of early polar science, Captain Cook Rediscovered resonates in the climate change era.
Since the time of Columbus, explorers dreamed of a water passage across the North American continent. President Thomas Jefferson shared this dream. He conceived the Corps of Discovery to travel up the Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains and westward along possible river routes to the Pacific Ocean. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led this expedition of 1804?6. Along the way they filled hundreds of notebook pages with observations of the geography, Indian tribes, and natural history of the trans-Mississippi West. The late-summer and fall months of 1805 were the most difficult period of Lewis and Clark's journey. This volume documents their travels from the Three Forks of the Missouri River in present-day Montana to the Cascades of the Columbia River on today's Washington-Oregon border, including the expedition's progress over the rugged Bitterroot Mountains, along the nearly impenetrable Lolo Trail. Along the way, the explorers encounter Shoshones, Flatheads, Nez Perces, and other Indian tribes, some of whom had never before met white people.
Introduces Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and their expedition of 1804-6 through the Louisiana Territory, opening the land from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.