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This book addresses disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies, focusing on reducing the paradox that exists between the compulsory implementation of DRR policies and continuing limitations The authors use their knowledge of the ever-evolving threats associated with disasters and their prevention to investigate this famous paradox and propose solutions that will help readers understand and reconsider its existence. The authors also discuss conditionings behind this paradox, helping readers understand the existing solutions, also suggesting how to reduce the limitations of DRR policies. - Offers a fresh perspective on the assessments currently available on disaster and DRR policies - Provides insight based on examples of DRR policies taken from Latin American, Asian, and European cases - Focuses on reducing the paradox that exists between the compulsory implementation of DRR policies and continuing limitations
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the term "vulnerable" was applied to "individuals" and to "populations", "groups" and "countries" in discussions, laws and regulations; now it applies to all objects in relation to all kinds of threats. However, rather than a label for governing people and places, the notion of "vulnerability" was expected to become an instrument to tackle the root causes of disasters, poverty and maldevelopment, as well as the inequalities and injustices they bring, whether social, political, economic or environmental. Despite this radical dimension, vulnerability has gradually been incorporated into public policies and international recommendations for global risk and disaster management. This book is intended for researchers, students, managers and decision makers concerned with the management of not only risks and crises but also climate and environmental change. The first part examines the multiple theoretical and conceptual approaches; the second explores vulnerability assessments, using examples from the Global North and Global South; and the third discusses tools, public policies and actions taken to reduce vulnerability.
Our societies have become very crisis-prone. This book explores crises and the methods of anticipation, management and reconstruction, and considers a risk-crisis-territorial development continuum. The aim is to better understand a widely used concept and clarify the methods of action in the field of crisis management. The different forms of learning proposed to better face future crises are also questioned. This book invites us to analyze the resources available to support crisis management and reconstruction, and consider the unequal access to these resources in different territories in order to design future territorial strategies. This often results in a form of territorial inertia after the crises. However, some innovate, imagine renewed territories, prepare for reconstruction, or even recompose territories now in order to make them more resilient. The crisis can then be the driving force or the accelerator of these changes and contribute to the emergence of new practices, or even new urban and territorial utopias.
A complex and vulnerable contemporary society continually poses new challenges in terms of social conflict, and as crime advances, so must strategies for prevention and rehabilitation. Many facets of crime prevention and rehabilitation of offenders are public activities closely linked to other aspects of the political and social life of a region. The Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support is a scholarly publication that examines existing knowledge on crime dynamics and the implementation of crime victims’ rights. Highlighting a wide array of topics such as cyberbullying, predatory crimes, and psychological violence, this book is ideal for criminologists, forensic psychologists, psychiatrists, victim advocates, law enforcement, criminal profilers, crime analysts, therapists, rehabilitation specialists, psychologists, correctional facilities, wardens, government officials, policymakers, academicians, researchers, and students.
The complicated interactions between business, law, and societal expectations pose an unprecedented challenge in modern commerce. Businesses navigate an intricate ecosystem shaped by legal principles, government regulations, and evolving societal values. The Research Anthology on Business Law, Policy, and Social Responsibility comprehensively explores critical issues as societal expectations for responsible business practices rise across a four-volume collection. The anthology's timely significance makes this reference with an exhaustive coverage an indispensable resource. Carefully curated, the collection sheds light on the latest trends, techniques, and applications in business law and policy. Covering topics from the transformation of business ethics in the digital era to the role of multi-national corporations in enforcing competition laws, the anthology serves as a vital reference for academics, lawyers, policymakers, and business professionals. Libraries seeking expansive and diverse research materials will find this anthology to be an exceptional solution, enriching the academic environment and serving as an invaluable tool for researchers, educators, and students. The Research Anthology on Business Law, Policy, and Social Responsibility is a comprehensive addition to any institution's collection, addressing the diverse needs of those exploring the landscape of business law and policy.
La Commission du droit international, après avoir longuement hésité, a inscrit l’état de nécessité dans sa codification de la responsabilité des États en tant que circonstance excluant l’illicéité. L’objet de cette étude est de démontrer qu’il s’agit d’un mécanisme beaucoup plus diffus et fondamental du droit international, intimement lié à ses caractéristiques propres. Il a comme fonction la limitation des obligations substantielles des États lors de la survenance d’un fait-condition – la situation de nécessité – afin d’éviter que l’application du droit ne génère un coût social excessif. Sa réalisation requiert toujours une pondération des intérêts en conflit. Seulement lorsqu’un coût social excessif ne peut être évité, l’état de nécessité intervient dans le cadre des obligations secondaires de la responsabilité internationale, en tant que circonstance atténuante. After much hesitation, the International Law Commission codified the state of necessity as a circumstance precluding wrongfulness in the field of State responsibility. This study aims to demonstrate that it is a much wider mechanism, essential to international law and strictly connected to its own characteristics. It performs the function of limiting the substantial obligations of States in case of the realization of a fact condition – a situation of necessity – in order to avert an excessive social cost, born out of law implementation. It always works through a balance of conflicting interests. Only when a social cost cannot be avoided, the state of necessity, under the features of a mitigating circumstance, enters the field of secondary obligations relating to international responsibility.
In addition to long-term demographic trends, European social security systems face new challenges as a result of increased global competition and an international banking system focused on short-term financial gain. This report therefore explores new ways for European policy makers and institutions to make social security systems more sustainable. It investigates ways to achieve short and long-term financial viability. It also identifies key mechanisms that work to achieve social cohesion, such as greater emphasis on social rights and social dialogue. It then examines the main policy issues in sustaining major individual social security programmes, such as health care, social assistance and family benefits, pensions, unemployment and work incapacity benefits, as well as long-term care.
This is a fictionalized account of the life and career of world chess champion Alexander Alekhine. Born into Russian nobility, Alekhine lost his family and nearly his life to the Bolsheviks before becoming the world's most powerful chess player. The coming of World War II placed the grandmaster in a difficult position, forcing him to collaborate with the Nazis and to produce anti-Semitic materials. Desperate to win back his credibility after the war, Alekhine was preparing for a redemptive title match at the time of his sudden death. Alekhine's life was marked by alcoholism, fits of depression, scandalous affairs, marriages of convenience, painful compromises, and his battle to become "the Greatest." The novel is told as fiction but is based on the actual people and events that were part of his triumphant career and troubled life.
En droit international de l’investissement, le prisme de l’expropriation indirecte couvre une large catégorie de mesures – telles que les réglementations – qui n’impliquent pas de transfert de propriété mais aboutissent à une grave interférence avec un investissement. La définition des dépossessions indemnisables constitue une question extrêmement sensible, située à la croisée des chemins entre la protection des droits des investisseurs et la préservation des prérogatives de l’Etat. Cet ouvrage explore, à travers l’exemple de la réglementation environnementale, le droit applicable à cette notion controversée. Il montre que l’approche traditionnelle – reposant sur une dilution du concept d’expropriation – n’est nullement appropriée et il contribue à clarifier l’étendue de la protection de l’investisseur sur le fondement du droit de la responsabilité internationale de l’Etat. In international investment law, the prism of indirect expropriation includes a broad range of measures – such as regulatory measures – which do not involve a transfer of property but result in a serious interference with an investment. The definition of compensable taking is a very sensitive issue situated at the crossroads between the protection of investors' private rights and the safeguarding of the state's sovereign prerogatives. This book explores, through the example of environmental regulation, the law applicable to this controversial topic. It suggests that the traditional approach – based on an extension of the concept of expropriation – is inappropriate and it contributes to clarifying the scope of the international protection of the investor on the ground of the law of state responsibility.