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Longtemps marginalisée, sinon négligée, l'histoire des relations culturelles internationales a désormais droit de cité. En quelques années, la bibliographie s'est considérablement étoffée et les initiatives scientifiques se sont multipliées, en France comme à l'étranger. Ce livre, au croisement des disciplines historiques - histoire culturelle, histoire des relations internationales - synthétise à la fois les réflexions antérieures et les travaux les plus récents. Son objectif est de clarifier les concepts et de proposer des méthodes d'analyse. Des notions en apparence aussi élémentaires que celles de « relations », d'« échanges » ou de « transferts » culturels méritent une définition rigoureuse. Elles sont ici mises en perspective historique dans un ensemble d'études qui montre les divers degrés de la relation, depuis la plus institutionnelle et la plus volontariste (la diplomatie culturelle) jusqu'aux multiples formes de l'acculturation. Dans le présent ouvrage, l'étude historique de la relation culturelle passe par une analyse systématique de ses facteurs, de ses acteurs et, bien entendu, de son sens et de ses effets, ce qui suppose une lecture des phénomènes d'hégémonie, des mécanismes d'appropriation et des contenus, qu'ils soient esthétiques ou éthiques. Chacun des processus évoqués est considéré sous l'angle des dynamiques spatiales et temporelles, et propose une périodisation et des grilles d'interprétation.
The mission UNESCO, as defined just after the end of World War II, is to build 'the defenses of peace in the minds of men'. In this book, historians trace the routes of selected UNESCO mental engineering initiatives from its headquarters in Paris to the member states, to assess UNESCO's global impact.
This book contributes to bridge the gap between different scholarly communities interested in the entanglements of culture and politics in the international arena. It sheds light on existing connections in their parallel evolution with a thorough literature review, complemented by several case studies showing the fruitful character of their interdisciplinary mobilisation. Through the notions of cultural relations, intellectual cooperation and cultural diplomacy, the book draws on a soft power perspective to offer a shared, novel, and interdisciplinary theoretical framework to approach cultural institutions and organisations that have been previously examined as isolated objects: for example, cultural institutes, international organisations, literary magazines, and literary contests. The interdisciplinary nature of this volume justifies the relevance of its content for scholars working in the history of international relations, international cultural relations and intellectual history, comparative literature, sociology of literature and global literary studies.
During the Cold War, Switzerland functioned as a hub for Chinese propaganda networks. Despite its fierce anti-communism, the Swiss Confederation was one of the first capitalist countries to recognise the People's Republic of China (PRC). As a neutral country and as the home base for many international organisations, Switzerland represented a strategic centre for the spread of Maoism throughout the world. Focusing on cultural diplomacy and questioning the notion of soft power, this book explores how the PRC developed its influence and its prestige abroad through its Embassy in Bern, the most important in Western Europe. The book also discusses how China’s approach in Switzerland, bypassing traditional diplomatic structures, and relying on contacts with individual people – "foreign friends" – was then used, and continues to be used, in many other countries, including the United States, France, and Japan.
This book has a fundamental objective. The objective of this research is divided into general objectives and specific objectives. The general objective is to analyze the impact of the economic cooperation programs of the United States on the economic development of Ivory Coast in order to make recommendations and propose solutions and prospects to strengthen the promotion of the economic cooperation of Ivory Coast with the United States. Specifically, this research is focused on evaluating the effect of American trade programs (AGOA, BIT, BUILD Act, AWEP, Prosper Africa and Power Africa) in order to allow Ivory Coast and all the eligible African countries to derive maximum benefit from these programs and to assess the effect of the competitive presence of the United States, China, and the European Union for the economic development of the Ivory Coast.
French and Soviet Musical Diplomacies in Post-War Austria, 1945-1955 investigates how promoting 'national' music and musicians was used as an important asset by France and the USSR in post-Nazi Austria, covering music’s role in international relations at various levels, within changing power frameworks. Bridging international relations, musical sociology, media studies, and Cold War history, four incisive chapters examine the crossroads of Soviet, French, and Austrian cultural politics and discourse-building, presented in two parts - institutions of musical diplomacy: Soviet and French cultural diplomats in comparison; sounds of music coming to Austria: Soviet and French musicians on tour. Using a communication- and media-oriented approach, this study casts new light, firstly, on the interpretative power of 'receiving' publics and, secondly, on the role of cultural transmitters at different levels. This is a valuable study for those specialising in Russian and East European music and music and politics. It will also appeal to cultural historians and all those interested in the intersections between music, international relations, and Cold War history.
Exchanges between different cultures and institutions of learning have taken place for centuries, but it was only in the twentieth century that such efforts evolved into formal programs that received focused attention from nation-states, empires and international organizations. Global Exchanges provides a wide-ranging overview of this underresearched topic, examining the scope, scale and evolution of organized exchanges around the globe through the twentieth century. In doing so it dramatically reveals the true extent of organized exchange and its essential contribution for knowledge transfer, cultural interchange, and the formation of global networks so often taken for granted today.
In the book establish an initial assessment on the life of cinemas belonging to the Instituts français and the Alliances françaises.
Sport during Cold War has recently begun to be studied in more depth. Some scholars have edited a book about the US and Soviet sport diplomacy and show ow the government of these two countries have used sport during this period, notably as a tool of "soft power" during the Olympic games. Our goal is to continue in this direction and to focus more on the sport field as a place of exchanges during the Cold War. Regarding this point, our aim is to show that there were events "beyond boycotts"many and that unknown connections existed inside sport. Morevoer, many actors were involved in these exchanges. Thus, it is important not only to focus on the action of States, but also on private actors (international sporting bodies and journalists), considering that they acted around sport (an "apolitic" field) as it was tool to maintain links between the two blocs. Our project offers a good opportunity for young scholars to present original research based on new materials (notably the use of institutional or personals archives). Morevoer, it is also a step forward with a view to conduct research within a global history paradigm, one that is still underused in sport academic fields.
The twelve essays in this book – by scholars from the U.S., France, Germany, the Netherlands and the Czech Republic – offer new transnational perspectives in transatlantic historical, literary, and cultural studies. They explore the special role of American and European intellectuals as agents of transatlantic cultural transfer, and examine the mechanisms and instruments through which artists, writers and intellectuals communicated across oceans and national borders, in the half century between 1914 and 1964. Their focus is on transatlantic networks and the instruments of culture through which such networks become operative as sites of cross-cultural exchange, circulation and interaction: magazines, cafés, publishing houses, book fairs, agents, translators, and mediators – and last but not least, transatlantic personal friendships. Contending that the dynamics of transatlantic cultural transfer need to be understood as reciprocal and multi-directional, they also exemplify the shift within transatlantic intellectual history from a traditional concern with European-U.S. relations to a multidirectional, triangular exploration of cultural, political and intellectual relations between Europe, the United States, and Latin America.