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Democracy posits the universality of the equality principle: a community of citizens is governed by the principle of the formal equality of all individuals, whatever their real social, cultural, or other inequalities. Democratization, on the other hand, is motivated by the ambition of ensuring the real equality of citizens, and not simply their formal equality. The dynamics of democracy are thus insured by the development of a welfare state that increasingly intervenes in order to satisfy the social and economic needs of individuals. Especially focused on France, yet informed by the experiences of other European countries, this book examines the dilemmas of the search for equality in society and politics.Democratization guarantees the rights of salaried workers and employees, the rights to material survival and housing, as well as health care, education, and culture. Today, however, as Schnapper observes, its action has become paradoxical. As the fruit of a praiseworthy concern to ensure the universality of rights, what Schnapper identifies as a "Providence State" now aims, by means of positive discrimination and other specific promotion policies, to defend the particular rights of certain categories of individuals. The action of the Providence State thus nourishes an aspiration: that the identities of historical collectivities gathered within the same national society be publicly recognized, and that these have rights. Equity thus supplants equality; and multiculturalism, universality. Such is the ordeal currently experienced by Western democracies, which are faced with the increasingly "providential" nature of their societies. Indeed, the author asks, how can a united political Europe be constructed on the ideals and institutions of citizenship, when European nations are becoming providential democracies?Providential Democracy offers a searching and timely critique of democratization that will be of interest to sociologists, political sci
Recoge: 1. Introduction - 2. Diversity of structures and constituent features - 3. From the function to the activities - 4. Training and qualification - 5. Global trends.
This book combines theory with history to look into a dozen episodes of struggle over the concrete and situated terms of world ordering, and it finds reasons to think that the contemporary 'movement of movements' against neo-liberal globalization has deeper roots and a broader history than is usually recognized. Informed by case studies from the US, the UK, France, South Africa, Algeria, the Philippines and Jamaica, A History of World Order and Resistance examines how men and women are sometimes subjectified by world ordering, and how they sometimes make themselves true subjects of their own global history. The author, an expert on resistance to world ordering, situates the contemporary 'movement of movements' against neo-liberal globalization in a broader historical framework to argue that resistance to world ordering has not only developed its very own, unalienating, mode of relation to the world economy, but also sustained it over two hundred years, without political mediation or representations. Herein lies the heart of the on-going world revolution against capital. The book concludes with a radical polemic against the political organization of the multitude. A History of World Order and Resistance will be of interest to students and scholars of political theory, international political economy and globalization.
Vols. 1-4 include material to June 1, 1929.