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Ce rapport propose, à l'aide de tableaux comparatifs et d'exemples précis, une image globale des institutions garantissant de droit d'accès à l'information (IGAI) des pays membres de l'OCDE. Sans procéder à une analyse complète de ces institutions, il examine la législation, la composition, le fonctionnement des IGAI ainsi que leurs missions en matière de divulgation spontanée et de recours suite aux demandes d'accès à l'information. De même, il effectue une analyse d'ensemble de la législation d'accès à l'information de la Jordanie, du Liban, du Maroc et de la Tunisie et de la situation légale et concrètes des IGAI. Il propose notamment des moyens pour rendre la mise en œuvre de cette législation plus efficace, à l'heure où les citoyens de ces pays se montrent très désireux d'un accès accru à l'information.
Ce rapport propose, à l'aide de tableaux comparatifs et d'exemples précis, une image globale des institutions garantissant de droit d'accès à l'information (IGAI) des pays membres de l'OCDE. Sans procéder à une analyse complète de ces institutions, il examine la législation, la composition, le fonctionnement des IGAI ainsi que leurs missions en matière de divulgation spontanée et de recours suite aux demandes d'accès à l'information. De même, il effectue une analyse d'ensemble de la législation d'accès à l'information de la Jordanie, du Liban, du Maroc et de la Tunisie et de la situation légale et concrètes des IGAI. Il propose notamment des moyens pour rendre la mise en oeuvre de cette législation plus efficace, à l'heure où les citoyens de ces pays se montrent très désireux d'un accès accru à l'information.
Aquaculture is developing, expanding and intensifying in almost all regions of the world, except in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the sector appears to be capable of meeting the gap between future demand and supply for aquatic food, there are many constraints and challenges which must be addressed in order to at least maintain the present level of per capita consumption at the global level. Key issues are the need for enhanced enforcement of regulation and better governance of the sector, as well as greater producer participation in the decision-making and regulation process. This publication examines past trends in aquaculture development as well as the current global status, drawing on a number of national and regional reviews.
Ce rapport propose, à l’aide de tableaux comparatifs et d’exemples précis, une image globale des institutions garantissant de droit d’accès à l’information (IGAI) des pays membres de l’OCDE. Sans procéder à une analyse complète de ces institutions, il examine la législation, la composition, le fonctionnement des IGAI ainsi que leurs missions en matière de divulgation spontanée et de recours suite aux demandes d'accès à l'information.
Young people in the Middle East (15–29 years old) constitute about one-third of the region's population. Growth rates for this age group trail only sub-Saharan Africa. This presents the region with an historic opportunity to build a lasting foundation for prosperity by harnessing the full potential of its young population. Yet young people in the Middle East face severe economic and social exclusion due to substandard education, high unemployment, and poverty. Thus the inclusion of youth is the most critical development challenge facing the Middle East today. A Generation in Waiting portrays the plight of young people, urging greater investment designed to improve the lives of this critical group. It brings together perspectives from the Maghreb to the Levant. Each chapter addresses the complex challenges facing young people in many areas of their lives: access to decent education, opportunities for quality employment, availability of housing and credit, and transitioning to marriage and family formation. This volume presents policy implications and sets an agenda for economic development, creating a more hopeful future for this and future generations in the Middle East. Selected contributors include Ragui Assaad (University of Minnesota), Brahim Boudarbat (University of Montreal), Jad Chaaban (American University in Beirut), Nader Kabbani (Syria Trust for Development), Taher Kanaan (Jordan Center for Public Policy Research and Dialogue), Djavad Salehi-Isfahani (Wolfensohn Center for Development and Virginia Tech), and Edward Sayre (University of Southern Mississippi).
This 2010 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives examines the extent to which an energy technology revolution is taking place, the key technologies that are emerging, the costs and benefits of these technologies, and policies needed to foster their use. ETP 2010 presents updated scenarios from the present to 2050 that show which new technologies will be most important in key sectors and in different regions of the world. It highlights the importance of finance to achieve change, examines the implications of the scenarios for energy security and looks at how to accelerate the deployment of low-carbon technologies in major developing countries. It presents roadmaps and transition pathways for spurring deployment of the most important clean technologies and for overcoming existing barriers. With extensive data, projections and analysis, Energy Technology Perspectives 2010 provides decision makers with the detailed information and insights needed to accelerate the switch to a more secure, low-carbon energy future.
The effect of demography on economic performance has been the subject of intense debate in economics for nearly two centuries. In recent years opinion has swung between the Malthusian views of Coale and Hoover, and the cornucopian views of Julian Simon. Unfortunately, until recently, data weretoo weak and analytical models too limited to provide clear insights into the relationship. As a result, economists as a group have not been clear or conclusive.This volume, which is based on a collection of papers that heavily rely on data from the 1980s and 1990s and on new analytical approaches, sheds important new light on demographic--economic relationships, and it provides clearer policy conclusions than any recent work on the subject. In particular,evidence from developing countries throughout the world shows a pattern in recent decades that was not evident earlier: countries with higher rates of population growth have tended to see less economic growth. An analysis of the role of demography in the "Asian economic miracle" strongly suggeststhat changes in age structures resulting from declining fertility create a one-time "demographic gift" or window of opportunity, when the working age population has relatively few dependants, of either young or old age, to support. Countries which recognize and seize on this opportunity can, as theAsian tigers did, realize healthy bursts in economic output. But such results are by no means assured: only for countries with otherwise sound economic policies will the window of opportunity yield such dramatic results. Finally, several of the studies demonstrate the likelihood of a causalrelationship between high fertility and poverty. While the direction of causality is not always clear and very likely is reciprocal (poverty contributes to high fertility and high fertility reinforces poverty), the studies support the view that lower fertility at the country level helps create apath out of poverty for many families.Population Matters represents an important further step in our understanding of the contribution of population change to economic performance. As such, it will be a useful volume for policymakers both in developing countries and in international development agencies.
This is an updated edition of the 1995 version. In the mid-1980's, the IUCN CEL, in consultation with leading experts from around the world, began to respond to a need later identified by Agenda 21: the preparation of an integrated framework for international environmental law.