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Dès l'indépendance des Etats africains, un débat s'est instauré autour de deux approches d'intégration économique, diamétralement opposées, l'intégration par les marchés et l'intégration de la production. L'approche multisectorielle d'intégration que l'auteur propose aux communautés sous-régionales africaines et qui s'appuie sur l'intégration physique, l'intégration de la production et l'intégration des marchés nationaux met en avant les aspects de développement en Afrique et met fin à ces discussions partisanes.
Africa's economic, political, cultural, and geostratic relations with Europe - within the framework of the successive Lome Convention - and with France - within the framework of the La Francophone and Franco-African cooperation system - are thoroughly examined."--BOOK JACKET.
Cet ouvrage actualise les travaux menés sur le terrain, sous forme notamment de synthèses régionales. Outre les descriptions classiques en ce domaine, ce livre met l'accent sur la contribution des sciences de l'environnement et la reconstitution des paysages et souligne l'intérêt de la collaboration avec les sciences sociales qui permettent de relier la passé au présent.
This book is a comprehensive study of secession from an international law perspective.
When, in 1960, France granted independence to its colonies in West and Central Africa-an empire covering an area the size of the contiguous United States-the French still intended to retain influence in Africa. Through a system of accords with these newly independent African nations, based upon ties naturally formed over the colonial years, France has succeeded for three decades in preserving its position in African affairs. The course of Franco-African relations in the near future, though, is less than certain. In this book, Ambassador Francis Terry McNamara outlines France's acquisition and administration of its Black African empire and traces the former colonies' paths to independence. Drawing upon that background, the ambassador examines the structure of post-independence Franco-African relations and recent strains on those relations, especially African economic crises and the French tendency to focus on Europe. Because of those strains, he suggests, France alone may be unable to support its former dependencies much longer. He believes that long-term solutions to African problems will have to involve international organizations like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund as well as other nations such as the United States and France's European partners. -- From Foreword.
The most recent Ebola epidemic that began in late 2013 alerted the entire world to the gaps in infectious disease emergency preparedness and response. The regional outbreak that progressed to a significant public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in a matter of months killed 11,310 and infected more than 28,616. While this outbreak bears some unique distinctions to past outbreaks, many characteristics remain the same and contributed to tragic loss of human life and unnecessary expenditure of capital: insufficient knowledge of the disease, its reservoirs, and its transmission; delayed prevention efforts and treatment; poor control of the disease in hospital settings; and inadequate community and international responses. Recognizing the opportunity to learn from the countless lessons of this epidemic, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in March 2015 to discuss the challenges to successful outbreak responses at the scientific, clinical, and global health levels. Workshop participants explored the epidemic from multiple perspectives, identified important questions about Ebola that remained unanswered, and sought to apply this understanding to the broad challenges posed by Ebola and other emerging pathogens, to prevent the international community from being taken by surprise once again in the face of these threats. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
This work covers not only philosophy, but also all the other major disciplines, including literary theory, sociology, linguistics, political thought, theology, and more. The 240 analytical entries examine individuals such as Bergson, Durkheim, Mauss, Sartre, Beauvoir, Foucault, Levi-Strauss, Lacan, Kristeva, and Derrida; specific disciplines such as the arts, anthropology, historiography, psychology, and sociology; key beliefs and methodologies such as Catholicism, deconstruction, feminism, Marxism, and phenomenology; themes and concepts such as freedom, language, media, and sexuality; and istorical, political, social, and intellectual context. --From publisher's decription.
In this book, the author argues that Trudeau betrayed the trust of Quebecers during the 1980 referendum on sovereignity-association and contends that the whole patriation exercise, completed without their consent, is not legitimate in Quebec.