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Cet ouvrage réunit six études sur les prépositions et les postpositions à travers les langues. Ces formes posent des questions de type morphologique (s’agit-il de mots à part entière ou amalgamés ?), de type syntaxique (ont-ils leur propre régime ou sont-ils de simples marques de cas ?), et de type sémantique (sont-ils toujours polysémiques ? Peut-on parler de prépositions vides ?) Les prépositions et les postpositions « faibles », qui sont généralement les plus courtes et les plus fréquentes, sont analysées à l’aide de comparaisons de langues variées comme l’allemand, le coréen, l’espagnol ou le français. Prépositions et postpositions réunit des auteurs spécialistes de morphologie, de syntaxe et de sémantique.
This volume brings together a number of ground-breaking papers in the theory of phonology.
Conçu comme une introduction générale à la syntaxe, cet ouvrage présente les notions de base nécessaires à une étude de la combinaison des unités lexicales et grammaticales au sein d’un énoncé. Sans se placer dans un cadre préconçu, l’ouvrage étudie les différentes possibilités pour la représentation des structures syntaxiques, en fonction des principes généraux et des critères particuliers retenus. Élaboré avec l’objectif de fournir une base pour l’enseignement de la syntaxe à l’université, cet ouvrage souhaite montrer qu’on peut dégager de manière méthodique les propriétés des langues et mettre de l’ordre dans la forêt vierge que constitue chaque langue. Il est divisé en trois parties : comment élaborer le modèle d’une langue, comment déterminer les unités de base de la langue en fonction de leur sens, forme et combinatoire, comment définir et représenter les différents modes d’organisation des unités. Cette dernière partie présente une abondance de diagrammes syntaxiques de diverses natures. L’ouvrage est découpé en de petites sections, alternant le contenu principal avec des éclairages, des notes historiques, des élaborations plus formelles, des exemples linguistiques dans diverses langues, des propositions de lectures additionnelles et des exercices avec des éléments de correction. Kim Gerdes et Sylvain Kahane collaborent depuis 20 ans et ont publié ensemble plus de 40 articles. Ils se sont intéressés à différents aspects de la syntaxe des langues. Après avoir travaillé sur la modélisation formelle de l’ordre des mots en allemand et en français, ils ont commencé à partir de 2008 à développer des corpus annotés en syntaxe de dépendance pour le français parlé, s’intéressant à la fois aux problèmes théoriques de l’analyse en dépendance et aux questions plus particulièrement posées par les productions orales, notamment concernant les limites de la syntaxe. Conceived as a general introduction to syntax, this book presents the basic concepts necessary for a study of the combination of lexical and grammatical units within an utterance. The book does not impose a preconceived framework, but rather examines the various possibilities for the representation of syntactic structures, according to the general principles and specific criteria that have been adopted. The aim of this book is to provide a basis for teaching syntax at university, and to show that it is possible to identify the properties of languages in a methodical way and to put order in the jungle of each language. The book is divided into three parts: How to develop the model of a language? How to determine the basic units of a language according to their meaning, form, and combinatorial nature? How to define and represent the different ways in which the units are organized? This last part presents an abundance of syntactic diagrams of a wide range of types. The book is divided into small sections, alternating the main content with insights, historical notes, formal elaborations, linguistic examples in diverse languages, proposals for further reading, and exercises with answer keys. Kim Gerdes and Sylvain Kahane have been collaborating for 20 years and have published together more than 40 articles. They have been interested in different aspects of the syntax of languages. After working on formal modeling of word order in German and French, they started in 2008 to develop annotated corpora in dependency syntax for spoken French, focusing both on theoretical problems of dependency analysis and on questions more specifically raised by oral productions, notably concerning the limits of syntax.
This landmark volume is the first work specifically designed to explore the extent to which striking surface morpho-syntactic similarities between Bantu and Romance languages actually represent similar syntactic structures. In particular, it explores the timely and much debated issues of verbal morphology and agreement, the structure of DPs, and word order/information structure, with the goal of providing a better understanding of the structure of the different languages investigated, and the implications this holds for syntactic theory more generally. All of the papers draw on data from both Bantu and Romance languages, providing a framework for much-needed further comparative research on the nature of linguistic structure, its diversity and constraints, and the implications this has for learnability/acquisition. The volume also provides an important precedent for incorporating insights from Bantu linguistic structure into mainstream of syntax research.
Linking recent advances in theoretical syntax and empirical research in language development, the book claims that second language acquisition is not totally distinct from first language acquisition, but rather is a replay, a relearning of language. It argues that Universal Grammar is a template guiding acquisition of L1 while constraining acquisition of L2. Assuming that a syntactic distinction crucial for language and its acquisition is the division between lexical and functional categories, it argues that the key to L2 as well as L1 acquisition of syntax is the mastery of morphological features and their linking to functional categories. It thus supports the availability of UG to the second language learner and the minimalist claim that cross-linguistic variation is morpholexical. Constructionism, the hypothesis of L2A proposed in this account, argues for a period of feature underspecification after loss of the L1 value, followed by a progressive building of the L2 value through specific constructions.
This scholarly edition invites us to reconsider our assumptions about the French language, by showcasing the oeuvre of one of the pioneers of diachronic Spoken French corpus linguistics, William J. Ashby, and the ground-breaking findings to come out of his influential Tours corpora (1976 & 1995), including two real-time studies appearing for the first time in English translation. To help readers visualize just how radically different the morphosyntax, morphophonology, and semantics of Spoken French are from French-on-the-page, the editor has developed a glossing framework, designed to capture the systemic, radically-prefixal morphology of Spoken French and the variability of change-in-progress. The model, presented here and used to gloss the examples from the Tours corpus, is also suitable for corpus-tagging. The volume is organized into sections preceded by an Editor’s note and followed by suggestions for further reading, and closes with an appendix of French corpora. This scholarly edition was written for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and scholars in the field.
This bibliography provides an alphabetical listing of over 1500 articles, books, and dissertations that treat in some way the topic of clitics and related matters, e.g. affixes, words, word order, movement, sandhi, etc. The beginning point for the bibliographic entries is 1892, taking Jacob Wackernagel's classic work as the point of departure, and the entries cover the subsequent 100-year period. Each entury is accompanied by a series of descriptors which give an indication of the content of the item. Nearly one-third of the book is a detailed analytic index, based on the descriptors, which can aid in topical searches for relevant material. Prefatory matter includes an essay “What is a Clitic?” by Arnold M. Zwicky, a brief consideration of Wackernagel's scholarly career by Brian D. Joseph, and information on the format and use of the book itself.
From the table of contents: C.G. Cereti, Some Notes on the ?kand Guman?g WizarI. Colditz, Zur Adaption zoroastrischer Terminologie in Manis ?abuhraganA. Degener, The significance of the date palmPh. Gignoux, A propos de l'anthroponymie religieuse d'epoque sassanideGh. Gnoli, Further notes on Avestand geographyPh. Huyse, Ein erneuter Datierungsversuch fur den Ubergang vom Schluss-y der mittelpersischen Inschriften zum Endstrich im Buchpahlavi (6.-7. Jh.)Ph. Kreyenbroek, Yezidism and its Sacred Literature: Eastern and Western PerceptionsG. Lazard, Structures d'actances dans les langues irano-aryennes modernesM. Macuch, Language and Law: Linguistic Peculiarities in Sasanian JurisprudenceB. Meisterernst, D. Meisterernst-Durkin, Some remarks on the Chinese and Sogdian SCEA. Panaino, The "Rook" and the "Queen" Some Lexicographic Remarks about the Sasanian Chess PiecesL. Paul, The language of the ?ahname in historical and dialectical perspectiveCh. Reck, Reste einer soghdischen Version von Huyadagman I in der Form eines Responsoriums zwischen Erwahltem und HorerM. Schwartz, On Khwarezmian Loss of -R-Sh. Shaked, Iranian words retrieved from AramaicD. Shapira, Pahlavi FlowersN. Sims-Williams, Fr. de Blois, The Bactrian calendar: new material and new suggestions
This volume presents a selection of revised papers from the International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (Ottawa 1978). These have been organized under the following headings: I. Classical Traditions in the Middle Ages and Medieval Thought in the Renaissance and After; II. Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Century Linguistic Ideas; III. Eighteenth-Century Thought in England, France, and Germany; IV. Late-Eighteenth to Mid-Twentieth Century Linguistics; V. Linguistic Pursuits Outside Europe and Points of Contact Between East and West; and, VI. Supplementa: Beyond the History of Linguistics.